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Related Concept Videos

Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
Acid Halides to Ketones: Gilman Reagent01:14

Acid Halides to Ketones: Gilman Reagent

Lithium dialkyl cuprate, also known as Gilman reagents, selectively reduces acid halides to ketones. The acid chloride is treated with Gilman reagent at −78 °C in the presence of ether solution to produce a ketone in good yield.
As shown below, the mechanism proceeds in two steps. First, one of the alkyl groups of the reagent acts as a nucleophile and attacks the acyl carbon of the acid chloride to form a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the reformation of the carbon–oxygen double...
Sample Preparation for Analysis: Advanced Techniques01:08

Sample Preparation for Analysis: Advanced Techniques

Accurate analysis of complex samples often requires advanced preparation techniques to achieve reliable and reproducible results. Samples containing inorganic or organic materials can be challenging to dissolve or decompose effectively. Standard sample preparation methods include acid digestion, fusion, dry ashing, and wet digestion.
Acid digestion with strong acids is commonly used to dissolve inorganic materials that are insoluble (do not dissolve) in water. This method can be useful for...
Catalysis01:27

Catalysis

Catalysis influences the rate of chemical reactions by providing an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy. A catalyst speeds up a reaction, but it is not consumed during the process. The fundamental principle of catalysis is the ability of a catalyst to alter the reaction mechanism, often introducing a more efficient pathway than the uncatalyzed process.In a catalyzed reaction, the catalyst participates directly in the reaction mechanism. It interacts with reactants to form...
Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
Accelerators01:17

Accelerators

Accelerators in concrete serve as admixtures to speed up the hardening process, enabling the concrete to achieve early strength faster. Although accelerators do not necessarily impact the time it takes concrete to set, they reduce this time in practice. A common accelerator is calcium chloride, which is particularly useful for hastening early strength development in cold weather or for rapid repair jobs that require quick heat generation after mixing.
The effectiveness of calcium chloride can...

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Accelerated Lanthanide Intercalation into Graphite Catalyzed by Na.

Akira Iyo1, Hiroshi Fujihisa1, Yoshito Gotoh1

  • 1National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan.

Inorganic Chemistry
|September 4, 2024
PubMed
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Sodium (Na) catalysis enables rapid, high-yield synthesis of lanthanide carbides (LnC6), overcoming challenges in intercalating lanthanides into graphite. This breakthrough facilitates potential applications in advanced materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Chemistry
  • Inorganic Chemistry

Background:

  • Lanthanide intercalation into graphite (LnC6) is challenging.
  • Existing synthesis methods are often slow and inefficient.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate sodium (Na) as a catalyst for LnC6 synthesis.
  • To develop a rapid and high-yield method for LnC6 production.

Main Methods:

  • A two-step synthesis involving NaCₓ intermediate formation.
  • Heating Na-C mixture to form NaCₓ, followed by reaction with lanthanides (Ln).
  • Fabrication of well-sintered LnC6 pellets with minimal residual Na.

Main Results:

  • Successful rapid synthesis of LnC6 (Ln = Sm, Eu, Yb) in high yields.
  • Characterization of LnC6 pellets using powder X-ray diffraction and electrical resistivity.
  • Achieved low residual Na concentrations (Ln:Na ≈ 98:2).

Conclusions:

  • Na-catalyzed method is versatile and efficient for LnC6 synthesis.
  • The study lays the foundation for rapid mass production of LnC6.
  • Potential applications in superconducting and rechargeable battery materials.