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Related Concept Videos

Treating Helicobacter pylori in Peptic Ulcers: Antimicrobial Therapy01:16

Treating Helicobacter pylori in Peptic Ulcers: Antimicrobial Therapy

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Helicobacter pylori, a resilient gram-negative bacterium, can thrive in the stomach's harsh, acidic environment. Infection with H. pylori leads to a cascade of events within the stomach lining. One of the critical disruptions caused by this bacterium is the interference with somatostatin production, a hormone responsible for regulating acid secretion. This interference tips the balance, escalating acid secretion and diminishing bicarbonate levels. This imbalance compromises the defensive...
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Peptic Ulcer Disease III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:28

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Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) presents with diverse symptoms depending on the location and severity of the ulcer. Clinical manifestations of peptic ulcer include dull pain and a burning sensation in the mid-epigastric region.
Few clinical manifestations differentiate gastric ulcers from duodenal ulcers. Distinctions in the location, timing, and pain relief are crucial for healthcare providers in differentiating between gastric and duodenal ulcers during clinical assessments.
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Pathophysiology of Peptic Ulcer Disease: Injurious Factors01:22

Pathophysiology of Peptic Ulcer Disease: Injurious Factors

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Peptic ulcers are sores on the stomach's inner lining and the upper small intestine, which are the result of disruptions in the mucosal layer that houses parietal cells which produce gastric acid, and chief cells which secrete pepsinogen.
In the antrum region, G cells secrete the gastrin hormone that binds to gastrin-cholecystokinin-B (CCK2) receptors on parietal and enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells in the fundic glands. Simultaneously, the vagus nerve releases acetylcholine, which binds...
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Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction

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Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is characterized by mucosal excavation in the esophagus, stomach, pylorus, or duodenum. It can manifest as acute or chronic based on the extent and duration of mucosal involvement.
An acute ulcer, marked by superficial erosion and minimal inflammation, swiftly resolves upon identifying and addressing the underlying cause. In contrast, a chronic ulcer persists, potentially eroding through the muscular wall and forming fibrous tissue.
Peptic ulcers can also be...
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Pathophysiology of Peptic Ulcer Disease: Mucosal Defense Factors01:24

Pathophysiology of Peptic Ulcer Disease: Mucosal Defense Factors

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Peptic ulcer disease, commonly called PUD, represents a multifaceted condition characterized by disruptions in the lining of the gastrointestinal (GI)  tract. Central to the protection of the gastrointestinal lining is the mucosal-bicarbonate barrier. This physiological defense mechanism is a formidable shield against the corrosive effects of gastric acid and pepsin secretion in the stomach. Its role is pivotal in maintaining the structural integrity of the stomach's inner lining.
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Peptic Ulcer Disease II: Pathophysiology01:28

Peptic Ulcer Disease II: Pathophysiology

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Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is characterized by the development of ulcers in the stomach or duodenal mucosa. Its pathophysiology is complex, involving a balance between damaging and protective elements.
Damaging agents such as Helicobacter pylori, gastric acid, pepsin, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can weaken the mucosal defense, allowing hydrogen ions to infiltrate back and harm epithelial cells.
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Updated: Jun 14, 2025

Retinal and Choroidal Thickness Changes in Populations with Helicobacter pylori Infection by Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography
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Helicobacter pylori in oral cavity: current knowledge.

Liana Cristina Melo Carneiro Costa1,2, Maria das Graças Carvalho3, Filipa F Vale4,5

  • 1Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), Divinópolis, Brazil. lianacmcosta@gmail.com.

Clinical and Experimental Medicine
|September 4, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) may reside in the mouth, potentially aiding its spread. Oral detection could offer new ways to manage stomach infections and prevent transmission.

Keywords:
Helicobacter pyloriBiofilmMouthOral cavityOral microbiologyOral microbiota

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Oral Health

Background:

  • Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a widespread pathogen affecting half the global population, with transmission routes not fully elucidated.
  • The oral cavity is increasingly recognized as a potential reservoir for H. pylori, influencing its colonization and transmission dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the prevalence and characteristics of H. pylori in the oral cavity.
  • To explore H. pylori's colonization dynamics within the oral microbiome and strain virulence.
  • To assess noninvasive detection methods for oral H. pylori and their clinical implications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing existing research on H. pylori in oral samples.
  • Analysis of factors influencing oral H. pylori prevalence, including population characteristics and detection techniques.
  • Examination of H. pylori's impact on the oral microbiome and ecosystem.

Main Results:

  • Oral H. pylori prevalence varies significantly, influenced by demographics, sample site, and detection methods.
  • While not directly linked to stomach infection, oral H. pylori is more common in individuals with gastric H. pylori, suggesting the oral cavity as a potential reservoir.
  • H. pylori can disrupt the oral microbiome, leading to ecosystem imbalance.

Conclusions:

  • The oral cavity plays a role in H. pylori colonization and transmission, potentially serving as a reservoir.
  • Noninvasive oral detection of H. pylori could enhance diagnostics, aid in preventing transmission, and reduce gastric re-colonization.
  • Further research on oral H. pylori is crucial for developing novel treatment strategies for H. pylori infections.