Scale Construction of "Breathing" Bi/N-CNSs Quasi-Array Structure with Hierarchical Bi Distribution for Sodium-Ion...

Sodium ion batteries (SIBs) are promising postlithium battery technologies with high safety and low cost. However, their development is hampered by complicated electrode material preparation and unsatisfactory sodium storage performance. Here, a bismuth/N-doped carbon nanosheets (Bi/N-CNSs) composite featuring a quasi-array structure (alternated porous Bi layers and N-CNSs) with hierarchical Bi distribution (large particles of ∼35 nm in Bi layers and ultrafine Bi of ∼8 nm on N-CNSs) is prepared. Bi/N-CNSs delivers an ultralong-lifespan of 26000 cycles at 5 A g^-1 and prominent rate capability of 91.5% capacity retention at 100 A g^-1. Even at -40 °C, it exhibits a high rate capability of 161 mAh g^-1 at 5 A g^-1. Notably, the involved preparation method is characterized by a high yield of 14.53 g in a single laboratory batch, which can be further scaled up, and such a method can also be extended to synthesize other metallic-based materials.