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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
963
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2025

Phenotypic and Functional Analysis of Activated Regulatory T Cells Isolated from Chronic Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus-infected Mice
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Effector memory-type regulatory T cells display phenotypic and functional instability.

Désirée Jacqueline Wendering1,2, Leila Amini3,4, Stephan Schlickeiser1,5

  • 1Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Development of Biomarkers and Regenerative Therapies, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.

Science Advances
|September 4, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Identifying specific regulatory T cell (Treg) subsets is crucial for developing stable, effective cell therapies. Earlier-differentiated Treg populations, unlike effector memory types, show superior function and stability for immune disorder treatments.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Therapy
  • Genomic Medicine

Background:

  • Regulatory T cells (Treg) are vital for immune homeostasis and hold therapeutic potential for immune disorders.
  • Advancements in CAR technology and gene editing offer enhanced Treg specificity and function.
  • Challenges remain in ensuring the safety and stability of gene-edited Treg products due to impurities and functional instability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the characteristics and stability of distinct Treg subsets.
  • To identify Treg subsets suitable for developing safe and effective cell therapies.
  • To optimize manufacturing processes for stable Treg cell products.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of Treg subset fate, epigenomic stability, transcriptomes, TCR repertoires, and function ex vivo.
  • Evaluation of Treg subsets post-manufacturing.
  • Depletion of specific Treg subsets prior to manufacturing.

Main Results:

  • Each Treg subset exhibited unique features in lineage stability, epigenomics, surface markers, TCR diversity, and transcriptomics.
  • Earlier-differentiated memory Treg subsets, including a novel naive-like memory Treg population, demonstrated superior regulatory function, proliferation, and epigenomic stability compared to late-differentiated effector memory Treg cells.
  • High yields of stable, functional Treg products were achieved by excluding the effector memory-like Treg subset.

Conclusions:

  • Treg subset composition is critical for maintaining lineage stability in cell products.
  • Earlier-differentiated Treg subsets are more suitable for therapeutic applications due to enhanced stability and function.
  • Depleting specific Treg subsets can improve the quality and efficacy of Treg-based cell therapies.