2D Printed Plasmonic Nanoparticle Array Incorporated Formamidinium-Based High-Performance Self-Biased Perovskite...

Utilizing noble metal nanoparticles through novel technologies is a promising avenue for enhancing the performance of organic/inorganic photodetectors. This study investigates the performance enhancement of Formamidinium-based perovskite (Pe) photodetectors (PDs) through the incorporation of plasmonic silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) arrays using a 2D printing technique. The incorporation of plasmonic Ag NPs leads to a major improvement in the performance of the planar PD device, which is attributed to increased light absorption, hot electron generation, and more efficient charge extraction and transport. The unique aspect of this study lies in the method of incorporating plasmonic NPs using a two-dimensional printing technology. This approach offers several advantages over traditional methods, including lower cost, nonvacuum operation, and compatibility with room temperature fabrication. The printed plasmon-enhanced optimized perovskite PD exhibits remarkable performance metrics, including a peak responsivity of 1.03 A/W at 5 V external bias, which is significantly high compared to the reported devices. Moreover, the PD demonstrates exceptional detectivity with a peak value of 3.7 × 10¹² Jones at 5 V, highlighting its capability to detect ultralow light signals with high precision. The device can be reversibly switched between low and high conductance states, yielding a stable and repeatable I_light/I_dark ratio of 1.06 × 10⁴. In addition, the integration of plasmonic nanoparticles imparts remarkable photovoltaic characteristics to the perovskite photodetector, enabling it to function as a self-biased device. The hybrid device demonstrates a peak responsivity of 15 mA/W, a high detectivity of 2.15 × 10¹¹ Jones, and a significant on-off ratio of 2.23 × 10³, all achieved at zero external bias. Overall, this study presents a significant advancement in the field of plasmon-enhanced Pe photodetection technology. By utilizing the benefits of printing technology to incorporate NPs, we have developed a high-performance PD that combines cost-effectiveness with exceptional performance. Thus, we believe that this study will pave the way for the development of a low-cost, high-performance plasmon-enhanced Pe-based PD.