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Identifying limitations to exercise with incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing: a scoping review
Michaël Staes1,2, Iwein Gyselinck1,2, Kaatje Goetschalckx3,4
1Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Summary
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) has varied criteria for identifying exercise limitations. Standardizing interpretation is crucial for consistent, objective assessment of exercise capacity across studies.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Pulmonology
- Exercise Physiology
Background:
- Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is vital for assessing exercise capacity limitations.
- Current interpretation of CPET results is not standardized, leading to inconsistencies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review literature on exercise limitations identified by incremental CPET.
- To determine the criteria used for identifying these limitations.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search of major databases (PubMed, Embase, etc.).
- Inclusion of 86 publications reporting identification criteria for exercise limitations using CPET variables.
Main Results:
- Cardiovascular limitations are often categorized as physiological vs. pathological.
- Respiratory limitations include ventilatory (low breathing reserve) and gas exchange (high VE/VCO2 slope, desaturation).
- Peripheral muscle limitations lack specific identification criteria, and deconditioning consensus is absent.
Conclusions:
- Significant heterogeneity exists in terminology, classification, and criteria for exercise limitations identified by CPET.
- Standardization of CPET interpretation is essential for objective and consistent clinical frameworks.
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