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SDS-PAGE

SDS-PAGE

Gel electrophoresis is a method that separates biological macromolecules like nucleic acids or proteins by forcing them to pass through a gel matrix under an electric field.
A variation of gel electrophoresis, termed polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), is commonly used for separating proteins according to their molecular size by passing them through a polyacrylamide gel. Because of the varying charges associated with amino acid side chains, PAGE can be used to separate intact...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2025

Digital Microfluidics for Automated Proteomic Processing

Digital Microfluidics for Automated Proteomic Processing

Published on: November 6, 2009

Single-molecule digital sizing of proteins in solution.

Georg Krainer^1,2, Raphael P B Jacquat³, Matthias M Schneider^3,4

¹Institute of Molecular Biosciences (IMB), University of Graz, Humboldtstraße 50, 8010, Graz, Austria. georg.krainer@uni-graz.at.

Nature Communications

|September 4, 2024

Summary

Single-molecule microfluidic diffusional sizing (smMDS) accurately measures protein size and interactions in complex mixtures. This ultrasensitive method aids in understanding protein function for drug discovery and diagnostics.

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Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Biophysics
Analytical Chemistry

Background:

Protein physical characterization (size, interactions, assembly) is crucial for understanding biological function.
Characterizing polydisperse proteins in complex mixtures is challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

Introduce single-molecule microfluidic diffusional sizing (smMDS) for protein characterization.
Enable ultrasensitive sizing and affinity profiling of proteins and protein assemblies.

Main Methods:

smMDS utilizes single-molecule fluorescence detection in microchannels.
Measures the hydrodynamic radius of individual proteins and protein assemblies.

Main Results:

Achieves ultrasensitive sizing down to femtomolar concentrations.
Resolves protein oligomer assembly states and characterizes species in complex mixtures.
Effective for analyzing fibrillar aggregates and condensate clusters.

Conclusions:

smMDS is a highly sensitive method for analyzing proteins in solution.
Broad applications in drug discovery, diagnostics, and nanobiotechnology.