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Related Concept Videos

Threats to Biodiversity01:50

Threats to Biodiversity

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There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
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Habitat fragmentation describes the division of a more extensive, continuous habitat into smaller, discontinuous areas. Human activities such as land conversion, as well as slower geological processes leading to changes in the physical environment, are the two leading causes of habitat fragmentation. The fragmentation process typically follows the same steps: perforation, dissection, fragmentation, shrinkage, and attrition.
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Small population sizes put a species at extreme risk of extinction due to a lack of variation, and a consequent decrease in adaptability. This weakens the chances of survival under pressures such as climate change, competition from other species, or new diseases. Large populations are more likely to survive pressures such as these, as such populations are more likely to harbor individuals that have genetic variants that are adaptive under new stresses. Small populations are much less...
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Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
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Updated: Jun 14, 2025

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Managing climate-change refugia to prevent extinctions.

Gunnar Keppel1, Diana Stralberg2, Toni Lyn Morelli3

  • 1UniSA STEM and Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, SA 5001, Adelaide, Australia; AMAP, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France.

Trends in Ecology & Evolution
|September 4, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Climate-change refugia can help conserve biodiversity during environmental crises. Understanding refugia processes is key to effective conservation planning and reducing species extinctions.

Keywords:
Anthropoceneclimate-change adaptationconservation management and planningextinction crisismicrorefugiarefugial capacity

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Conservation Biology
  • Climate Change Science

Background:

  • Earth faces interconnected biodiversity and climate crises.
  • Climate-change refugia offer potential solutions by preserving biodiversity.
  • Refugia effectiveness is threatened by severe climate change and other stressors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline an approach for understanding refugia-promoting processes.
  • To evaluate the capacity of refugia for conservation.
  • To inform management actions for climate-change refugia.

Main Methods:

  • Developing a framework to analyze refugia.
  • Assessing factors that promote and sustain refugia.
  • Integrating refugia into conservation planning.

Main Results:

  • Refugia can maintain biodiversity components under climate change.
  • Management actions must consider the complex nature of refugia.
  • A refugia-focused approach enhances conservation resistance.

Conclusions:

  • Climate-change refugia are vital tools for modern conservation.
  • Strategic management of refugia can mitigate biodiversity loss.
  • This framework aids in reducing extinctions and maintaining biodiversity.