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Odor identification dysfunction in late-life depression with suicidal ideation.

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Older adults with late-life depression and suicidal thoughts show impaired odor identification. This olfactory dysfunction may help identify suicide risk and is linked to poorer cognitive function.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Suicide rates are higher in older adults, with late-life depression (LLD) being a significant risk factor.
  • Early identification of suicidal ideation in LLD is challenging.
  • Odor identification (OI) dysfunction, common in LLD, may serve as an early marker for suicidal ideation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare OI between LLD patients with (LLD-S) and without (LLD-NS) suicidal ideation.
  • To examine the relationship between OI and cognitive function in LLD patients.
  • To investigate OI as a potential screening tool for suicide risk in LLD.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study involving 262 LLD-NS patients, 63 LLD-S patients, and 316 healthy older adults (HOAs).
  • Participants underwent odor identification testing, standardized clinical interviews, and comprehensive neuropsychological assessments.
  • Cognitive domains assessed included global cognition, processing speed, memory, language, executive function, and visuospatial ability.

Main Results:

  • LLD-S patients demonstrated significantly lower OI scores and poorer cognitive performance compared to LLD-NS patients and HOAs.
  • Interactive effects between suicidal ideation and OI dysfunction were observed, impacting information processing speed and visuospatial ability.
  • OI dysfunction mediated cognitive differences between LLD-NS and LLD-S groups, highlighting its role in cognitive deficits associated with suicidal ideation.

Conclusions:

  • LLD-S patients exhibit worse odor identification compared to LLD-NS patients and HOAs.
  • OI testing shows promise as a valuable tool for identifying suicidal ideation in LLD and screening for suicide risk.
  • The co-occurrence of OI impairment and suicidal ideation in LLD is associated with diminished cognitive performance.