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Biological Sample Preparation by High-pressure Freezing, Microwave-assisted Contrast Enhancement, and Minimal Resin Embedding for Volume Imaging
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Two simplified tooth sample preparation methods for conventional laboratory and RapidHIT™ ID workflows.

Morgan Eaton1, M Shane Woolf1, Samyuktha Pemmasani1

  • 1Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.

Journal of Forensic Sciences
|September 5, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Simplified dental DNA extraction methods offer rapid disaster victim identification (DVI). Low-tech tooth preparation combined with RapidHIT™ ID analysis yields complete STR profiles, aiding forensic investigations.

Keywords:
DNA analysisDNA profileRapidHIT® ID systemdisaster victim identification (DVI)rapid DNAtooth sample

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Genetics
  • Anthropology

Background:

  • Disaster victim identification (DVI) is crucial after mass casualty events.
  • Human dental remains offer a valuable source of nuclear DNA when soft tissues degrade.
  • Traditional forensic DNA workflows require extensive sample preparation by trained personnel.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate simplified sample preparation protocols for tooth DNA extraction.
  • To compare the efficacy of conventional forensic DNA workflows with the Applied Biosystems® RapidHIT™ ID instrument for DVI.

Main Methods:

  • Ten deciduous teeth were processed using two simplified protocols.
  • Samples were fragmented using a claw hammer for RapidHIT™ ID or pulverized with a coffee grinder for traditional workflows.
  • Short tandem repeat (STR) allele detection and peak height ratios (PHRs) were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Comparable STR allele detection rates were observed between RapidHIT™ ID (99.0%) and GlobalFiler™ (99.8%).
  • Average intralocus heterozygote PHRs were similar: RapidHIT™ ID (0.80) and GlobalFiler™ (0.86).
  • The RapidHIT™ ID workflow flagged 90% of samples for review, with 91% of alleles passing quality metrics versus 100% for GlobalFiler™.

Conclusions:

  • Simplified, low-tech tooth fragmentation followed by RapidHIT™ ID analysis can generate complete STR profiles from aged dental samples.
  • Further research is needed to refine protocols for challenging samples and enable field-based DVI.
  • These methods show promise for improving the speed and accessibility of DVI processes.