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Updated: Jun 14, 2025
Impact of Fabrication Techniques and Polishing Procedures on Surface Roughness of Denture Base Resins
Published on: January 17, 2025
Effect of cleaning solution on surface properties of 3D-printed denture materials
Marina Rodrigues Santi1, Nadima Khodor2, Michael Sekula3
1Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Purpose:
To evaluate the effect of cleaning solutions on surface properties of 3D-printed resins.
Materials And Methods:
Seven different resin materials for denture base and teeth were used in the form of 280 half-disks. Samples were randomly assigned to two cleaning groups (FD, FreshDent; PO, Polydent), with daily 2- or 3-min immersion followed by water storage, repeated for 30 days. Samples were then cleaned in an ultrasonic bath with water and analyzed for surface roughness (Keyence, VHX-7000N) and hardness (Shimadzu, HMV-2 series). The pH of cleaning solutions was analyzed over 5-min and the surface morphology of specimens was analyzed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Statistical analysis used two-way ANOVA (α = 0.05).
Results:
Surface roughness of base materials was significantly affected (p < 0.001), whereas roughness of teeth materials was not. As for hardness, there was a significant interaction between materials and cleaning solution for both, base (p < 0.001) and teeth (p < 0.001). For teeth materials, PO significantly increased Denture's (Dentca) hardness and decreased that of Rodin's (Pac Dent), while PO significantly increased Rodin's Base (Pac Dent) hardness. The hardness of Flexcera Ultra (Envision Tec), Glidewell (Glidewell), Lucitone (Dentsply Sirona), and NextDent (NextDent) teeth and base materials were not affected by the cleaning solution. Overall, the pH of FD averaged 7.3 and PO averaged 6.6. All the SEM images indicated surface irregularities after immersion in either FD or PO.
Conclusions:
One-month of storage and cyclic cleaning of 3D- printed resins did not affect surface roughness but had a significant impact on hardness. The cleaning solutions' effect was not homogeneous among materials.
