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Macrophage migration inhibitory factor as a therapeutic target in neuro-oncology: A review
Jakub Jarmula1, Juyeun Lee2, Adam Lauko1
1Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Abstract:
Primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors affect tens of thousands of patients each year, and there is a significant need for new treatments. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a cytokine implicated in multiple tumorigenic processes such as cell proliferation, vascularization, and immune evasion and is therefore a promising therapeutic target in primary CNS tumors. There are several MIF-directed treatments available, including small-molecule inhibitors, peptide drugs, and monoclonal antibodies. However, only a small number of these drugs have been tested in preclinical models of primary CNS tumors, and even fewer have been studied in patients. Moreover, the brain has unique therapeutic requirements that further make effective targeting challenging. In this review, we summarize the latest functions of MIF in primary CNS tumor initiation and progression. We also discuss advances in MIF therapeutic development and ongoing preclinical studies and clinical trials. Finally, we discuss potential future MIF therapies and the strategies required for successful clinical translation.
Insights
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) shows promise for treating primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors. This review covers MIF
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Immunology
- Neuroscience
Background:
- Primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors necessitate novel therapeutic strategies.
- Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a key cytokine involved in tumor growth, vascularization, and immune evasion.
- MIF presents a promising therapeutic target for primary CNS tumors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the multifaceted roles of MIF in primary CNS tumor development and progression.
- To discuss the current landscape of MIF-targeted therapies, including preclinical and clinical investigations.
- To explore future therapeutic avenues and strategies for successful clinical translation of MIF-based treatments.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of scientific publications on MIF and primary CNS tumors.
- Analysis of preclinical data and clinical trial outcomes for MIF-directed therapies.
- Synthesis of information on the unique challenges of targeting the brain.
Main Results:
- MIF plays significant roles in primary CNS tumor initiation and progression.
- Various MIF-targeting agents (small molecules, peptides, antibodies) exist, but limited testing in CNS models and patients.
- Brain-specific therapeutic challenges complicate effective targeting.
Conclusions:
- MIF is a critical target for primary CNS tumors, with ongoing therapeutic development.
- Further research and strategic planning are essential for clinical translation of MIF therapies.
- Addressing the unique challenges of brain drug delivery is crucial for future success.
