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Proposed Mechanisms for the Relationship between Periodontal Diseases and the Severity of Covid-19: Common Pathogens, Inflammatory Mediators, and Risk Factors

  • 0Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Advanced Biomedical Research +

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September 5, 2024

|

September 5, 2024

View abstract on PubMed

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Periodontal disease (PD) may worsen COVID-19 outcomes. This review explores the link between oral pathogens, shared risk factors like diabetes, and increased inflammation in both conditions, impacting disease severity.

Area Of Science

  • Oral Health and Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology and Inflammation
  • Public Health and Epidemiology

Background

  • Periodontal disease (PD) is a chronic inflammatory condition linked to systemic risk factors.
  • Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) involves a cytokine storm and shares risk factors with PD.
  • Understanding the interplay between oral health and viral infections is crucial for public health.

Purpose Of The Study

  • To review and evaluate the potential relationship between periodontal disease (PD) and COVID-19.
  • To identify common pathophysiological mechanisms and risk factors connecting PD and COVID-19.
  • To assess the impact of PD on COVID-19 severity and prognosis.

Main Methods

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar.
  • Keywords included COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Periodontal Disease (PD), and respiratory diseases.
  • The review focused on studies examining oral pathogens, viral presence, inflammatory mediators, and shared risk factors.

Main Results

  • Oral pathogens can contribute to respiratory diseases, with dental plaque acting as a reservoir.
  • SARS-CoV-2 may be present in periodontal pockets, and common inflammatory mediators (IL-1, IL-6, CRP) are elevated in both PD and severe COVID-19.
  • Shared risk factors like diabetes mellitus, obesity, aging, and male sex are significant for both conditions.

Conclusions

  • Periodontal disease appears to play a significant role in exacerbating COVID-19.
  • The presence of PD may negatively influence the prognosis and mortality rate of COVID-19 patients.
  • Further research into the oral-systemic link is warranted to improve patient outcomes.

Keywords:

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