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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT01:25

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT

Calcium-Scoring CT ScanA calcium-scoring CT scan, also known as coronary artery calcium (CAC) scan, detects calcium deposits in the coronary arteries. This test assesses the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), which can lead to cardiovascular events such as angina, heart failure, and sudden cardiac arrest.A calcium-scoring CT scan is generally recommended for individuals at intermediate risk of CAD without symptoms. It includes:Men aged 40-75 and women aged 50-75: Especially those with a...
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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
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Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Quantitative Analysis of Cellular Composition in Advanced Atherosclerotic Lesions of Smooth Muscle Cell Lineage-Tracing Mice
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Spatial Transcriptomic Approach to Understanding Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque Stability.

Maria G Gastanadui1,2, Camilla Margaroli3,4, Silvio Litovsky5,6

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease (M.G.G., G.A.P.), University of Alabama at Birmingham.

Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology
|September 5, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Spatial transcriptomics reveals distinct molecular signatures in unstable coronary plaques. These findings highlight cellular plasticity and transdifferentiation as key drivers of plaque instability, offering new therapeutic targets for acute coronary syndrome.

Keywords:
acute coronary syndromeatherosclerosiscoronary thrombosismacrophagesmuscle, smooth, vascular

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Molecular Pathology
  • Genomics and Transcriptomics

Background:

  • Traditional characterization of vulnerable coronary atherosclerotic plaques relies on cellular architecture.
  • Emerging intravascular imaging reveals novel coronary thrombosis mechanisms, challenging current acute coronary syndrome (ACS) understanding.
  • A precise molecular definition of plaque stability is crucial for advancing ACS research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the vascular microenvironment in patients with stable versus unstable coronary plaques.
  • To utilize spatial transcriptomics to define molecular differences associated with plaque stability.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of autopsy-derived coronary arteries categorized by plaque stability using the GeoMx spatial profiling platform.
  • Whole Transcriptome Atlas was employed to link histological markers with differential gene expression in specific regions of interest.
  • Spatially resolved transcriptional profiling and cell morphological analysis were performed, preserving intercellular signaling.

Main Results:

  • Distinct spatial and cell-specific transcriptional patterns were observed in stable and unstable plaques, with regional variations in the intima and media.
  • Differential expression of proinflammatory molecules (e.g., interferon-γ, MHC class II) and prothrombotic pathways were identified.
  • Unique intraplaque subpopulations from endothelial, smooth muscle, and myeloid lineages were characterized, linked to plaque instability and calcification.

Conclusions:

  • The study identifies distinct cell-specific and regional transcriptional alterations in unstable coronary plaques.
  • Spatially resolved in situ evidence supports cellular transdifferentiation and intraplaque plasticity as contributors to plaque instability.
  • Results offer a resource for identifying novel mediators of ACS and developing new preventative/therapeutic strategies.