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Author Spotlight: UAV Remote Sensing for Efficient Invasive Plant Biomass Estimation

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Deep learning models map rapid plant species changes from citizen science and remote sensing data.

Lauren E Gillespie^1,2,3, Megan Ruffley¹, Moises Exposito-Alonso^1,3,4,5,6

¹Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Science, Stanford, CA 94305.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|September 5, 2024

Summary

A new deep learning model, Deepbiosphere, accurately maps over 2,000 plant species distributions using remote sensing and citizen science data. This tool monitors biodiversity changes and habitat fragmentation with high spatial and temporal resolution.

Keywords:

biodiversity change deep learning remote sensing species distribution models

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Area of Science:

Ecology
Remote Sensing
Artificial Intelligence

Background:

Global plant distribution is shifting due to habitat destruction and climate change.
Current methods lack the spatial, temporal, and taxonomic resolution to map these species shifts effectively.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a deep learning model (Deepbiosphere) for high-resolution mapping of plant species distribution.
To integrate remote sensing data with citizen science observations for enhanced biodiversity monitoring.

Main Methods:

Trained a deep learning model using remote sensing images from California and citizen science data.
Validated the model's performance against common species distribution modeling approaches.
Applied the model to map plant communities and habitat fragmentation at meter-level resolution.

Main Results:

Deepbiosphere achieved high accuracy (AUC 0.95), outperforming existing methods (AUC 0.88).
The model successfully mapped over 2,000 plant species and delineated plant communities with high precision.
Detected rapid impacts of severe wildfire on plant community composition over a 2-year period.

Conclusions:

Integrating earth observations and citizen science with deep learning enables automated, real-time biodiversity change monitoring.
Deepbiosphere provides a powerful tool for understanding and managing ecosystems in human-altered landscapes.
High-resolution mapping of species distribution is crucial for conservation efforts in the face of global change.