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Morphologic Differences between Normocephalic and Scaphocephalic Sagittal Craniosynostosis.

Alexander Velazquez¹, Michael S Lebhar², Johnny Yang¹

¹From the University of Mississippi School of Medicine.

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

|September 5, 2024

Summary

Sagittal synostosis presents with distinct head shapes. This study reveals significant craniometric differences between scaphocephalic and normocephalic patients, indicating unique morphometric profiles for each group.

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Area of Science:

Craniofacial Surgery
Pediatric Neurosurgery
Medical Imaging

Background:

Nonsyndromic single-suture sagittal craniosynostosis can manifest as scaphocephalic or normocephalic head shapes.
Previous studies have not fully elucidated the distinct craniometric differences between these two presentations.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate and compare the craniometric variations between scaphocephalic and normocephalic patients with sagittal synostosis.
To identify specific morphometric differences that distinguish these two patient groups and compare them to controls.

Main Methods:

Analysis of head computed tomography (CT) scans from 40 patients with sagittal synostosis (20 scaphocephalic, 20 normocephalic) and age/sex-matched controls.
Measurements included cranial base angles, distances from midline, and intracranial volumes.

Main Results:

Both patient groups showed significantly decreased cranial index compared to controls.
Distinct angular differences were observed in the external acoustic meatus and bifrontal angles between patient groups and controls.
Cranial base measurements from midline varied, with longer distances to the internal acoustic meatus and shorter distances to the euryon-to-zygomaticofrontal suture in patients.
Intracranial volume distribution differed: anteriorly in scaphocephalic patients and posteriorly in normocephalic patients compared to controls.

Conclusions:

Patients with scaphocephalic and normocephalic sagittal synostosis exhibit significant, distinct craniometric differences.
Rightward asymmetries in cranial base linear and angular measurements are present in both patient groups.
These findings provide craniometric evidence supporting the morphometric individuality of scaphocephalic and normocephalic presentations of sagittal synostosis.