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Updated: Jun 14, 2025

Implementation of Portable Emissions Measurement Systems PEMS for the Real-driving Emissions RDE Regulation in Europe
Published on: December 4, 2016
Too little or too much? Exploring the effectiveness of different policies in air pollution control from technical and
Xiaowei Ma1, Qingyu Sun2, Mei Wang2
1Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China; School of Management, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Economics and Environmental Management, Beijing, 100081, China; Sustainable Development Research Institute for Economy and Society of Beijing, Beijing, 100081, China.
Abstract:
Most environmental policy studies focus on the technical pathway effect but ignore the non-technical pathway. This paper analyzes the synergistic governance effects of three types of environmental policies on the technical and non-technical pathways. The super-efficient slacks-based measure-data envelopment analysis (SBM-DEA) assesses the green total factor productivity, while the Malmquist index decomposes into pure technical efficiency. The findings indicate that: (1) command-and-control policy has the 'too-little-of-a-good-thing' effect, but the policy intensity in most Chinese provinces is strong enough to reduce air pollution, while market-based incentive policy may be 'too-much-of-a-good-thing', but Chinese provinces have not reached the inflection point; (2) there are considerable differences in the environmental effects of different policies through technical and non-technical pathways; (3) different policies have various focuses. Command-and-control policy focuses on the non-technical pathway, whereas market-based incentive policy can induce technological progress.
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