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The Scientific Method

The Scientific Method

The scientific method is a detailed, empirical problem-solving process used by biologists and other scientists. This iterative approach involves formulating a question based on observation, developing a testable potential explanation for the observation (called a hypothesis), making and testing predictions based on the hypothesis, and using the findings to create new hypotheses and predictions.
Generally, predictions are tested using carefully-designed experiments. Based on the outcome of these...

The Scientific Method

The Scientific Method

Research is what makes the difference between facts and opinions. Facts are observable realities, and opinions are personal judgments, conclusions, or attitudes that may or may not be accurate. In the scientific community, facts can be established only using evidence collected through empirical research.

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Updated: Apr 13, 2026

Bridging the Technology Divide in the COVID-19 Era: Using Virtual Outreach to Expose Middle and High School Students to Imaging Technology

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Worksheet-Based Delivery System to Improve Participation and Engagement in Basic Science.

Jocelyn Powell¹, Stephanie Chairs¹, Christopher R D'Adamo²

¹Department of Surgery, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland 21215.

Journal of Surgical Education

|September 5, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Surgical residents showed significantly improved engagement and satisfaction with basic science education by switching from lectures to interactive worksheets. This active learning approach enhances knowledge and aligns with adult learning principles for better surgical training outcomes.

Keywords:

basic science didactics case-based education general surgery residency didactics medical knowledge education worksheet

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Area of Science:

Medical Education
Surgical Training
Adult Learning Principles

Background:

Standard lectures in basic science curricula often result in poor engagement and satisfaction among surgical residents.
Traditional lecture formats may not align with effective adult education principles.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and evaluate a worksheet-based delivery system to enhance participation and satisfaction in basic science education for surgical residents.
To compare resident engagement and satisfaction between lecture-based and worksheet-based basic science curricula.

Main Methods:

Interactive worksheets were developed based on SCORE curriculum objectives for advance completion and group review.
The study involved 19 residents across all postgraduate year levels in a community-based program.
Resident participation frequency and satisfaction surveys were collected before and after implementing the worksheet curriculum, with data analyzed using paired t-tests.

Main Results:

Active resident participation increased from 30% or less with lectures to 100% with worksheets.
A statistically significant improvement was observed in residents' perceived utility, learning style congruence, and knowledge gain.
Pre-completion of worksheets correlated with increased engagement, with 92% of residents feeling it enhanced their didactic participation.

Conclusions:

Transitioning from lectures to worksheets for basic science education capitalizes on adult learning principles, significantly boosting resident engagement and satisfaction.
This easily translatable initiative can be implemented within existing basic science conference timeframes across various residency programs.