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  3. A Novel Approach To Triazole Fungicides Risk Characterization: Bridging Human Biomonitoring And Computational Toxicology.
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  3. A Novel Approach To Triazole Fungicides Risk Characterization: Bridging Human Biomonitoring And Computational Toxicology.

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A novel approach to triazole fungicides risk characterization: Bridging human biomonitoring and computational

Luiz P A Marciano1, Nicole Kleinstreuer2, Xiaoqing Chang3

  • 1Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Analyses, Department of clinical and toxicological analysis, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

The Science of the Total Environment
|September 5, 2024

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brazilian farmworkers exposed to triazole fungicides showed reduced testosterone levels and significant associations with metabolic markers. Computational toxicology confirmed risks, highlighting epoxiconazole

Keywords:
BiomarkersComputational toxicologyExposure assessmentIVIVENAMRisk assessment

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Toxicology
  • Occupational Health
  • Computational Toxicology

Background:

  • Brazil's coffee production relies heavily on pesticides, including triazole fungicides, posing health and environmental risks.
  • Triazole fungicides are known to interfere with mammalian CYP450 and liver microsomal enzymes, impacting hormone regulation.
  • Assessing human exposure risks requires integrated approaches combining biomonitoring and computational toxicology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the human health risk of triazole fungicide exposure in Brazilian coffee farmworkers.
  • To establish a risk characterization framework using internal-dose biomonitoring and biochemical markers.
  • To integrate high-throughput screening (HTS) data with computational toxicology workflows.

Main Methods:

  • Biomonitoring of triazole fungicides (cyproconazole, epoxiconazole, triadimenol) in urine samples from rural farmworkers and urban controls.
  • Measurement of serum hormone levels (androstenedione, testosterone) and metabolic markers (cholesterol, glucose, lipids).
  • Application of Integrated Chemical Environment (ICE) workflow with in vitro HTS data and in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) models.

Main Results:

  • Triazole fungicides were detected in urine of the rural group; testosterone levels were significantly reduced in farmworkers.
  • Reduced testosterone showed significant inverse associations with cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, triglycerides, glucose, and a direct association with HDL.
  • HTS data confirmed bioactivities related to steroid hormone metabolism and CYP450 enzymes, supporting observed health effects at relevant exposure levels.

Conclusions:

  • Occupational and environmental exposure to triazole fungicides significantly impacts human health, particularly steroid hormone levels.
  • Epoxiconazole exposure poses a potentially significant human health risk due to high frequency and intensity.
  • Biomonitoring and computational toxicology are crucial for evaluating pesticide exposure and mitigating health risks.