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Many human characteristics, like height, are shaped by both nature—in other words, by our genes—and by nurture, or our environment. For example, chronic stress during childhood inhibits the production of growth hormones and consequently reduces bone growth and height. Scientists estimate that 70-90% of variation in height is due to genetic differences among individuals, and 10-30% of variation in height is due to differences in the environments that individuals experience,...
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Life tables are versatile across various fields, providing a quantitative basis for analyzing mortality and survival rates. Whether used by demographers, actuaries, epidemiologists, or sociologists, life tables offer valuable insights into the dynamics of life and death, facilitating informed decisions in public health, insurance, conservation, and beyond. Their broad applicability highlights the interconnectedness of demographic data with practical outcomes in everyday life and strategic...
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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
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  11. Dying Of Pestilence: Stature And Mortality From The Black Death In 14th-century Kyrgyzstan

Dying of pestilence: Stature and mortality from the Black Death in 14th-century Kyrgyzstan

David W Hansen1,2, Sharon N DeWitte1,2, Philip Slavin3

  • 1Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States.

American Journal of Biological Anthropology
|September 6, 2024

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View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Short stature individuals experienced higher Black Death mortality in Central Asia. This bioarchaeological study in Kyrgyzstan suggests early life stress may increase plague risks.

Area of Science:

  • Bioarchaeology
  • Paleopathology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • The Black Death (second plague pandemic) profoundly impacted Eurasian populations.
  • Most bioarchaeological research on plague mortality has focused on European sites.
  • Central Asia is recognized as the origin of the second plague pandemic.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between stature and plague mortality in Central Asia.
  • To analyze an outbreak at Kara-Djigach, Kyrgyzstan (1338-1339), an early Black Death site.
  • To contribute spatial data to plague bioarchaeology.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of epigraphic data and in situ stature measurements from 34 individuals at Kara-Djigach.
  • Utilized field notes from 1880s Russian archaeological excavations.
Keywords:
developmental origins of health and diseasefrailtymedieval plague

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  • Employed chi-square and Fisher's exact tests to assess stature-plague relationships.

    • Main Results:

    • Shorter individuals exhibited disproportionately higher plague mortality compared to non-plague periods.
    • This pattern suggests a link between stature and plague susceptibility at the Kara-Djigach site.

    Conclusions:

    • Height-related mortality differences may indicate increased plague risk for individuals with early life biological stress.
    • The findings highlight the importance of considering developmental factors in plague epidemiology.