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Related Concept Videos

Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease01:27

Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease

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Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is a multidisciplinary field that examines how psychological factors, particularly stress, interact with the immune system and impact physical health. Research in PNI has shown that chronic or traumatic stress can disrupt both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. These disruptions contribute to serious health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases.
A key area of focus in PNI is the relationship between stress and coronary...
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Chronic stress profoundly affects mental health, significantly influencing mood, behavior, and overall quality of life. Research closely links chronic stress with mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders. Ongoing exposure to stress can lead to physiological and psychological changes, initiating a cycle of emotional distress and maladaptive coping mechanisms.
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The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an intricate network of nerves that controls functions such as the regulation of heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure regulation. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to various disorders that affect multiple bodily functions. One common feature of many autonomic disorders is the involvement of smooth blood vessels, which play a crucial role in regulating blood flow throughout the body.
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Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent and sudden minutes-long episodes of intense fear, known as panic attacks. These attacks may feel like heart attacks and often happen without warning or a specific cause. They can include symptoms such as rapid heart rate, shortness of breath, chest pain, trembling, sweating, dizziness, and a sense of helplessness. During a panic attack, individuals may feel as though they are experiencing a heart attack or are in a...
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Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
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Anxiety: Overview01:18

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Anxiety is a common mental disorder featuring excessive worry, fear, and apprehension, significantly affecting daily life. People with anxiety disorders experience persistent and intense anxiety, interrupting their everyday functioning.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2025

An Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Protocol for Instigating Depressive Symptoms, Behavioral Changes and Negative Health Outcomes in Rodents
06:55

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Anxiety and Depression Associated With Increased Cardiovascular Disease Risk Through Accelerated Development of Risk

Giovanni Civieri1,2, Shady Abohashem1,3, Simran S Grewal1,3

  • 1Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

JACC. Advances
|September 6, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Anxiety and depression accelerate cardiometabolic risk factors, increasing cardiovascular disease risk. This effect is mediated by these risk factors, particularly in younger women, and linked to neuro-immune pathways.

Keywords:
amygdalacardiometabolicmental healthneuro immunepreventionsex differences

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Psychiatry
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Cardiometabolic risk factors (CVDRFs) like hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus are key contributors to cardiovascular disease (CVD).
  • The mediating role of CVDRF development in the association between anxiety/depression and CVD remains incompletely understood.
  • Prior research has not fully elucidated the pathways linking mental health conditions to cardiovascular outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between anxiety/depression and incident CVDRFs.
  • To determine if CVDRF development mediates the increased CVD risk associated with anxiety/depression.
  • To explore the involvement of neuro-immune mechanisms, age, and sex in these relationships.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of 71,214 subjects from the Mass General Brigham Biobank over 10 years.
  • Utilized ICD codes to identify anxiety/depression, CVDRFs, and CVD.
  • Assessed neuro-immune markers (amygdalar-to-cortical activity ratio, hs-CRP, heart rate variability) and employed multivariable regression and mediation analyses.

Main Results:

  • Pre-existing anxiety/depression significantly increased the risk of developing CVDRFs (OR: 1.71) and shortened the time to their onset.
  • CVDRF development was found to mediate the association between anxiety/depression and CVD events (log-odds: 0.044).
  • Neuro-immune pathways contributed to CVDRF development, with younger women showing the most pronounced acceleration of CVDRFs following anxiety/depression.

Conclusions:

  • Anxiety and depression accelerate the development of cardiometabolic risk factors, thereby increasing cardiovascular disease risk.
  • Neuro-immune pathways and specific demographic factors, particularly younger women, play a significant role in this accelerated risk.
  • Tailored preventive strategies are necessary for individuals with anxiety/depression to mitigate their elevated CVD risk.