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Updated: Jun 14, 2025
Bio-energetics Investigation of Candida albicans Using Real-time Extracellular Flux Analysis
Published on: March 19, 2019
Candida haemulonii species complex: emerging fungal pathogens of the Metschnikowiaceae clade
Chengjun Cao1,2, Jian Bing2, Guojian Liao1
1The Medical Research Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
Abstract:
Candida species represent the most common fungal pathogens of humans, causing not only superficial infections but also life-threatening invasive infections, especially in immunocompromised individuals. While Candida albicans remains the most frequent cause of candidiasis, infections caused by non-albicans Candida species have been increasingly reported in clinical settings over the past two decades. Recently, species of the Metschnikowiaceae clade including the "superbug" Candida auris and other members of the Candida haemulonii species complex have attracted significant attention due to their multidrug resistance and high rates of transmission in clinical settings. In this review, we summarize the epidemiology, biology, virulence, and drug resistance of the C. haemulonii species complex and discuss potential reasons for the recent increase in prevalence of infections caused by non-albicans species in clinical settings.
Insights
Non-albicans Candida species, including the multidrug-resistant Candida haemulonii complex, are increasingly causing invasive fungal infections. This review examines their epidemiology, biology, virulence, and resistance, exploring reasons for their rise in clinical settings.
Area of Science:
- Mycology
- Infectious Diseases
- Antimicrobial Resistance
Background:
- Candida species are common human fungal pathogens causing superficial and invasive infections.
- While Candida albicans is most frequent, non-albicans Candida species are increasingly reported.
- The Candida haemulonii species complex, including Candida auris, is a growing concern due to multidrug resistance and transmission.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the epidemiology, biology, virulence, and drug resistance of the Candida haemulonii species complex.
- To discuss potential reasons for the increasing prevalence of non-albicans Candida infections.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of epidemiological data.
- Analysis of biological and virulence factors.
- Assessment of drug resistance mechanisms.
Main Results:
- The Candida haemulonii complex exhibits significant multidrug resistance.
- Non-albicans Candida species demonstrate increasing clinical prevalence.
- Factors contributing to this rise are under investigation.
Conclusions:
- The Candida haemulonii species complex poses a significant clinical threat due to resistance and transmission.
- Understanding the rise of non-albicans Candida infections is crucial for effective management.
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