COVID-19's Effect in Pregnancy and Vertical Transmission: A Systematic Review

Area of Science:

• Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Infectious Diseases
• Public Health

Background:

• The COVID-19 pandemic presents significant global health and economic challenges.
• Emerging evidence suggests potential impacts of SARS-CoV-2 infection on pregnancy, neonatal outcomes, and mother-to-infant transmission.
• Understanding these effects is crucial for maternal and infant care during the pandemic.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and summarize maternal and perinatal outcomes in pregnant individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic.
• To analyze the association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and delivery modes.
• To assess the risk of neonatal infection transmission from mothers with SARS-CoV-2.

Main Methods:

• A systematic review was conducted adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
• Searches were performed across major databases: PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science.
• Data were collected for studies published between December 1, 2019, and December 23, 2022.

Main Results:

• Cesarean delivery rates increased among mothers infected with SARS-CoV-2.
• The mode of delivery did not significantly impact the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in newborns.
• Increased rates of maternal and infant mortality, stillbirths, and ruptured ectopic pregnancies were observed during the pandemic.
• Potential for SARS-CoV-2 transmission during pregnancy exists, though vertical transmission is rare.

Conclusions:

• While cesarean delivery rates rose, the delivery method did not influence neonatal SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
• The pandemic correlated with adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes, including mortality and stillbirths.
• Further research is needed to fully understand SARS-CoV-2 transmission during pregnancy and potential disease recurrence in mothers.