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Related Concept Videos

Sound as Pressure Waves01:17

Sound as Pressure Waves

2.4K
Sound waves, which are longitudinal waves, can be modeled as the displacement amplitude varying as a function of the spatial and temporal coordinates. As a column of the medium is displaced, its successive columns are also displaced. As the successive displacements differ relatively, a pressure difference with the surrounding pressure is created. The gauge pressure varies across the medium.
The pressure fluctuation depends on the difference in displacements between the successive points in the...
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Basic Equation for Pressure Field01:13

Basic Equation for Pressure Field

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The basic equation for a pressure field in fluid mechanics captures the balance of forces within any segment of fluid, providing a foundational understanding of how pressure changes within fluids under various forces. Generally, two main types of forces act on any part of a fluid: surface forces and body forces. Surface forces arise from pressure differences across points within the fluid, which result in net forces that can vary depending on the local pressure gradient. Body forces, on the...
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Pressure Variation in a Fluid at Rest01:11

Pressure Variation in a Fluid at Rest

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In a fluid at rest, the pressure at any point beneath the fluid surface depends solely on the depth, not on the container's shape or size. This principle, known as hydrostatic pressure, arises because, in stationary fluids, there is no acceleration, meaning the forces within the fluid balance out. Only vertical forces, caused by the weight of the fluid above, contribute to pressure changes with depth.
When measuring pressure at two different levels within the fluid, the difference in...
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Measurement of Fluid Pressure01:16

Measurement of Fluid Pressure

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Fluid pressure is commonly measured using devices called manometers, which rely on liquid columns to indicate pressure differences. The height of a liquid column in a manometer reflects the pressure exerted by the fluid, providing a simple yet effective means of measurement. Different types of manometers serve specific purposes based on their configurations and the type of fluids involved.
A basic form of manometer is the piezometer, a vertical tube open at the top and filled with the same...
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Concept of Pressure at a Point01:15

Concept of Pressure at a Point

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The concept of pressure at a point in a fluid establishes that pressure within a fluid is uniform in all directions at a specific location. This uniformity occurs because fluid molecules exert force evenly across any point due to their random motion and continuous collisions within the fluid. Pressure at a point is determined by the surrounding fluid molecules and is influenced by factors like depth and density, rather than by shape or orientation.
In a fluid at rest, pressure acts equally in...
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Static, Stagnation, Dynamic and Total Pressure01:24

Static, Stagnation, Dynamic and Total Pressure

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The concept of static, stagnation, dynamic, and total pressure is fundamental in fluid dynamics, often explained using Bernoulli's equation:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2025

Measurements of Waves in a Wind-wave Tank Under Steady and Time-varying Wind Forcing
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Measurements of Waves in a Wind-wave Tank Under Steady and Time-varying Wind Forcing

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Uncertainty quantification of the pressure waveform using a Windkessel model.

Joaquín Flores-Gerónimo1, Alireza Keramat1, Jordi Alastruey2

  • 1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong.

International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering
|September 6, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces an efficient method to quantify uncertainty in Windkessel (WK) model blood pressure predictions. The approach accurately estimates uncertainties from WK parameters, aiding reliable cardiovascular assessments.

Keywords:
Windkessel modeldirect differentiation methodhemodynamicssensitivity analysisuncertainty quantification

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Mathematical Modeling
  • Cardiovascular Physiology

Background:

  • The Windkessel (WK) model simplifies arterial circulation but has inherent uncertainties affecting physiological predictions.
  • Accurate blood pressure estimation is crucial for clinical applications, including wearable technology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an efficient, gradient-based uncertainty quantification (UQ) method for the WK model.
  • To assess the impact of WK parameter and flow waveform uncertainties on pressure waveform predictions.
  • To evaluate the clinical relevance of UQ in cardiovascular modeling.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a local gradient-based formulation for UQ.
  • Validated the method against Monte Carlo simulations.
  • Applied the UQ method to an in silico database of healthy adults and analyzed specific pressure components.

Main Results:

  • The method shows good agreement with Monte Carlo for WK parameter uncertainties but less for flow waveform uncertainties.
  • Results align qualitatively with existing in silico and in vivo data for aortic pressure uncertainty.
  • Peripheral resistance uncertainty most impacts systolic/diastolic pressure uncertainty; compliance uncertainty affects pulse pressure uncertainty.

Conclusions:

  • The expansion-based UQ method efficiently propagates WK parameter uncertainty to pressure waveforms.
  • This UQ approach enhances the reliability of WK model-based pressure estimations.
  • The methodology is valuable for assessing confidence in blood pressure measurements from wearable devices.