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Design Example: Creating a Hydraulic Model of a Dam Spillway01:21

Design Example: Creating a Hydraulic Model of a Dam Spillway

Scaled hydraulic models of dam spillways provide a practical way to replicate and study the intricate flow dynamics of these structures. Often built to a 1:15 ratio, these models allow for observing critical water behavior, such as velocity distribution, flow patterns, and energy dissipation.

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Wastewater Surveillance Pilot at US Military Installations: Cost Model Analysis.

Jaleal S Sanjak1, Erin M McAuley1, Justin Raybern1

  • 1Booz Allen Hamilton, 4747 Bethesda Ave, Bethesda, MD, United States, 1 5712413499.

JMIR Public Health and Surveillance
|September 6, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Wastewater surveillance (WWS) is a cost-effective alternative to clinical testing for pathogen monitoring in US military bases. Implementing WWS can save millions annually and maintain existing testing levels, enhancing pandemic preparedness.

Keywords:
biosurveillancecostcost analysiscostseconomiceconomicsenvironmentenvironmentalfinancefinancialmilitary healthpathogenpathogenspublic healthsanitarysanitationsurveillancewastewaterwastewater surveillancewater

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental science
  • Public health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the need for robust pathogen surveillance systems.
  • Community wastewater surveillance (WWS) offers a rapid, accurate environmental monitoring method complementing direct patient sampling.
  • US Air Force (USAF) bases piloted WWS to assess feasibility, safety, utility, and cost-effectiveness due to the high cost of clinical COVID-19 testing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model and compare the costs of deploying WWS versus clinical swab testing for pathogen surveillance at US military installations.
  • To determine the economic feasibility of WWS as a complementary biosurveillance strategy.

Main Methods:

  • A cost projection model was developed using expert input and data from a USAF WWS pilot program.
  • Costs of WWS and clinical swab testing were projected under various SARS-CoV-2 circulation scenarios.
  • Analysis included identifying break-even points and potential cost savings from reduced swab testing.

Main Results:

  • WWS was confirmed as a complementary and highly cost-effective biosurveillance method.
  • Annual direct cost savings for WWS ranged from US $10.5 to $18.5 million compared to clinical swab testing.
  • Incorporating indirect costs showed that WWS could fund over two-thirds of current swab testing capacity.

Conclusions:

  • WWS adoption is recommended for US military installations to enhance early warning and outbreak monitoring systems.
  • WWS provides a more cost-effective approach to adaptive disease outbreak surveillance than relying solely on swab testing.