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A portable lateral flow distance-based paper sensor for drinking water hardness test.

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  • 1Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.

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|September 6, 2024
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Monitoring drinking water hardness is crucial for health. A new portable paper sensor uses hydrogel formation to semi-quantitatively detect water hardness, offering a convenient and low-cost alternative to commercial kits.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Environmental Science
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Drinking water hardness, influenced by calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) ions, is a key water quality parameter.
  • Elevated water hardness can pose risks to human health and affect water usability.
  • Accurate and accessible monitoring of drinking water hardness is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a portable, cost-effective sensor for semi-quantitative detection of drinking water hardness.
  • To establish a method for monitoring Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations using a lateral flow paper sensor.
  • To provide a reliable alternative to subjective and complex water hardness testing methods.

Main Methods:

  • A lateral flow distance-based paper sensor utilizing sodium alginate hydrogel formation was designed.
  • Chelation of Ca2+/Mg2+ with sodium alginate induces phase separation and viscosity changes.
  • Water lateral flow distance on test strips correlates with Ca2+/Mg2+ concentration for semi-quantitative analysis.

Main Results:

  • The sensor accurately quantifies Ca2+ (0-10 mmol L-1) and Mg2+ (4-20 mmol L-1) with high recoveries (95%-108.9%).
  • Defined Cr value ranges indicate acceptable (0.259-0.419) and high (>0.595) water hardness levels.
  • Sensor performance is comparable to commercial kits, eliminating subjective judgment in real water samples.

Conclusions:

  • A portable, convenient, and low-cost paper sensor for semi-quantitative drinking water hardness detection has been successfully demonstrated.
  • This method offers a promising tool for on-site water quality assessment.
  • The developed sensor provides an objective and efficient approach for monitoring water hardness, crucial for public health.