Prognosis and treatment of uterine sarcoma found incidentally after myomectomy

To determine prognosis and factors associated with survival of women with uterine sarcoma found incidentally after myomectomy.

We performed a retrospective study for patients who had previously undergone myomectomy for presumed benign uterine fibroid disease and were found to have uterine confined sarcoma after myomectomy surgery.

In total, 50 patients were identified. There were 23 (46.0 %) patients undergoing myomectomy were performed by minimal invasive surgery: laparoscopic (Lap, n = 22, 44.0 %) or transvaginal (TV, n = 1, 2.0 %) approach; while, 24 (48.0 %) and 3 (6.0 %) patients had myomectomy through abdominal (Abd) or hysteroscopic (Hys) approach. All patients received the re-exploration and staging surgery in our center. The median time from myomectomy to the staging surgery was 43 days (range 15-90 days). 17 patients had remnant sarcomas on the remaining uterus and 6 patients had disseminated disease after re-exploration. In the entire cohort, 5-year RFS and 5-year OS was 79.4 % and 88.0 %, respectively. Patients who received initial Lap/TV myomectomy had a tendency towards a worse 5-year RFS compared with Abd/Hys approach (63.0 % vs 88.9 %, P = 0.080). No difference in 5-year OS was found between the two groups (90.3 % vs 91.8 %, P = 0.768). For stage I disease (n = 44), patients who received Lap/TV myomectomy had a worse 5-year RFS compared with Abd/Hys approach (58.3 % vs 95.7 %, P = 0.009). No difference in 5-year OS was found (P = 0.121).

Patients with incidental uterine sarcoma who received primary Lap/TV myomectomy may have a worse RFS. Re-exploration can detect remnant or disseminated sarcomas.