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Modeling Decision-Making in Schizophrenia: Associations Between Computationally Derived Risk Propensity and

Emma N Herms1, Joshua W Brown1,2, Krista M Wisner1,2

  • 1Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.

Schizophrenia Bulletin
|September 6, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Individuals with schizophrenia exhibit reduced risky reward pursuit, potentially due to impaired risk perception rather than cognitive deficits. This suggests a failure to accurately assess risks impacts decision-making in uncertain situations.

Keywords:
perceived riskpsychosisrisk imperceptionsrisky rewarduncertain-risk decision-making

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Schizophrenia is linked to diminished pursuit of risky rewards in uncertain decision-making scenarios.
  • The underlying mechanisms, including cognitive factors and traits, are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms behind reduced risky reward pursuit in schizophrenia.
  • To examine the roles of cognitive abilities and specific traits in uncertain-risk decision-making.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty individuals with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder (SZ) and 30 comparison participants (CP) completed the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART).
  • Computational modeling assessed Risk Propensity, Prior Belief of Success, Learning Rate, and Behavioral Consistency.
  • Intelligence quotient (IQ), risk perception, expected benefit of risks, defeatist beliefs, and hedonic tone were analyzed for their relationship with Risk Propensity.

Main Results:

  • The SZ group showed lower Risk Propensity and higher Prior Beliefs of Success on the BART, with similar Learning Rates compared to CP.
  • Risk Propensity correlated positively with IQ across both groups.
  • Interactions revealed that lower perceived risk was associated with lower Risk Propensity in the SZ group and individuals with below-median IQ.

Conclusions:

  • Decreased risk-taking in schizophrenia may stem from 'risk imperception,' a failure to accurately perceive and utilize risk information.
  • Cognitive factors, particularly the perception of risk, are crucial for advantageous uncertain-risk decision-making.