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G Spada1,2,3, S Pilati2,3, S Giorgini1

  • 1Pitaevskii BEC Center, CNR-<a href="https://ror.org/02dp3a879">INO</a> and Dipartimento di Fisica, <a href="https://ror.org/05trd4x28">Università di Trento</a>, I-38123 Trento, Italy.

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We studied quantum droplet formation in Bose mixtures, finding that superfluidity emerges abruptly with the gas-to-liquid transition. This transition is driven by critical interaction strength in quasi-2D systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Ultracold atomic gases

Background:

  • Quantum droplets are novel states of matter formed in ultracold atomic gases.
  • Understanding their formation and properties is crucial for quantum technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate quantum droplet formation in attractive Bose mixtures at finite temperatures.
  • Determine the equation of state and gas-liquid coexistence in quasi-2D systems.
  • Explore the role of quantum scale anomaly and critical interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Exact path-integral Monte Carlo simulations.
  • Analysis of equilibrium density, pressure-volume relationships, and isothermal curves.
  • Comparison between quasi-2D and strictly 2D models.

Main Results:

  • Calculated equilibrium densities and equation of state for gas and liquid phases.
  • Found excellent agreement between quasi-2D and 2D models.
  • Identified critical interaction strength for the first-order gas-to-liquid transition.
  • Observed sudden development of superfluid response coinciding with density jump.

Conclusions:

  • Quantum droplets exhibit distinct gas-liquid phases with a sharp transition.
  • Superfluidity emerges abruptly at the phase transition point.
  • The quantum scale anomaly plays a role in the 2D gas-liquid transition.