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Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Transabdominal Ultrasound for Pregnancy Diagnosis in Reeves' Muntjac Deer
Published on: January 7, 2014
Diagnosis and Management of Molar Pregnancies
Antonio Braga1, Gabriela Paiva2, Marcio Barcellos2
1Faculty of Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Rua Ataíde Parreiras, 100, Bairro de Fátima, Niterói, RJ 24070-090, Brazil; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rio de Janeiro Trophoblastic Disease Center, Maternity School of Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rua Laranjeiras, 180, Laranjeiras, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22240-003, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Applied Health Sciences, Vassouras University, Av. Expedicionário Osvaldo de Almeida Ramos, 250, Bloco 03, 2 andar, Centro, Vassouras, RJ 27700-000, Brazil.
Abstract:
Complete and partial molar pregnancies arise from abnormal fertilization with marked proliferation of syncytiotrophoblasts. Earlier diagnosis has reduced the frequency of severe medical complications at presentation; however, the risk of progression to gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) has remained unchanged. Initial assessment should include serum hCG measurement after physical examination, laboratory testing for organ dysfunction, and Doppler ultrasound. Following uterine evacuation, pathologic assessment can distinguish complete from partial moles or non-molar gestations. Close surveillance is essential for the timely diagnosis of GTN. Cure rates and subsequent obstetrics outcomes are excellent, but all patients should be referred for psychologic support and expert level care.
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