Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 14, 2025
Author Spotlight: Innovating Thiol Quantification and Biomarker Detection for Oxidative Stress Research
Published on: June 28, 2024
Physical Compatibility of Reduced Glutathione for Injection With 44 Intravenous Drugs During Simulated Y-site
Rui Wu1, Gaochao Zhu1, Yinghui Ju1
1Hefei Ion Medical Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, PR China.
Purpose:
Reduced glutathione (GSH) is extensively used in clinical therapeutics due to its antioxidative and cytoprotective properties. It is essential in the management of various chronic and acute conditions and serves as an adjunct therapy in oncology. Despite its widespread use, the physical compatibility of GSH with other intravenous drugs during Y-site administration has not been thoroughly investigated, posing risks such as reduced efficacy and adverse reactions. This study fills this critical gap by examining the physical compatibility of GSH with 44 commonly used intravenous drugs in simulated Y-site administration with 0.9% sodium chloride injection (NS) and 5% dextrose injection, aiming to enhance patient safety and clinical outcomes.
Methods:
Simulated Y-site administration was conducted in vitro by mixing 24 mg/mL of GSH with equal volumes of 44 diluted intravenous drugs. Physical compatibility was assessed by observing visual changes, checking for the Tyndall effect, measuring turbidity, and monitoring pH levels at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 hours post-mixing. Physical compatibility was defined as the absence of color changes, gas evolution, particulate formation, and the Tyndall effect within 4 hours, with turbidity changes of less than 0.5 nephelometric turbidity units from baseline and pH variations of less than 10% from initial values.
Findings:
GSH exhibited physical incompatibility with 11 of the 44 intravenous drugs evaluated, while it remained compatible with 33 drugs over 4 hours.
Implications:
This study reveals that while GSH is physically compatible with the majority of tested intravenous drugs, incompatibilities with 11 drugs under simulated Y-site conditions necessitate rigorous compatibility testing prior to co-administration in clinical settings. These findings emphasize the importance of such testing to prevent potential treatment failures and adverse effects. Further research is needed to explore chemical stability and therapeutic efficacy in clinical settings, ensuring the safe and effective use of GSH in medical treatments.
Related Concept Videos
01:25Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral
The intravenous route (IV) of drug administration can be further categorized into two types. The bolus injection administers the entire dose rapidly, while an intravenous infusion slowly delivers smaller doses steadily.
The IV route is often...
01:22Phase II Reactions: Glutathione Conjugation and Mercapturic Acid Formation
Several distinctive characteristics distinguish glutathione conjugation from other phase II...
01:29Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
01:21Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview
01:22Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Physicochemical Parameters
Enhanced drug absorption can be achieved by reducing particle sizes and increasing surface areas, thereby facilitating...
00:59Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Drug Elimination for IV Bolus Injection
Following the administration of a single intravenous (IV) bolus injection, we can determine the concentration of the drug in the plasma at any given time. This calculation is achieved using a specific equation that integrates the values of Vmax and KM.
We can also...