3D height-alternant island arrays for stretchable OLEDs with high active area ratio and maximum strain

Stretchable optoelectronic devices are typically realized through a 2D integration of rigid components and elastic interconnectors to maintain device performance under stretching deformation. However, such configurations inevitably sacrifice the area ratio of active components to enhance the maximum interconnector strain. We herein propose a 3D buckled height-alternant architecture for stretchable OLEDs that enables the high active-area ratio and the enhanced maximum strain simultaneously. Along with the optimal dual serpentine structure leading to a low critical buckling strain, a pop-up assisting adhesion blocking layer is proposed based on an array of micro concave structures for spatially selective adhesion control, enabling a reliable transition to a 3D buckled state with OLED-compatible processes. Consequently, we demonstrate stretchable OLEDs with both the high initial active-area ratio of 85% and the system strain of up to 40%, which would require a lateral interconnector strain of up to 512% if it were attained with conventional 2D rigid-island approaches. These OLEDs are shown to exhibit reliable performance under 2,000 biaxial cycles of 40% system strain. 7 × 7 passive-matrix OLED displays with the similar level of the initial active-area ratio and maximum system strain are also demonstrated.