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Related Concept Videos

Infertility in Males01:23

Infertility in Males

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Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...
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In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
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Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male...
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Men's health issues are increasingly recognized as significant, with several conditions posing common threats. Among these, testicular cancer is especially prevalent in younger men, particularly those aged 20 to 35 years. The disease often manifests as a painless mass in the testicles, sometimes accompanied by a sensation of heaviness or a dull ache.
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Updated: Jun 14, 2025

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Nonobstructive azoospermia: an etiologic review.

Logan Hubbard1, Amarnath Rambhatla1, Sidney Glina2

  • 1Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.

Asian Journal of Andrology
|September 7, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) is a severe form of male infertility due to impaired sperm production. This review details NOA causes and diagnostic features to aid physicians in managing male infertility.

Keywords:
hypergonadotropic hypogonadismhypogonadotropic hypogonadismmale factor infertilitynonobstructive azoospermia

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Andrology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) is the absence of sperm in ejaculate, arising from spermatogenesis impairment.
  • NOA accounts for 10%-15% of male infertility cases, representing a significant clinical challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and classify the diverse etiologies of NOA.
  • To provide a comprehensive framework for diagnosing and managing NOA.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current clinical, diagnostic, cellular, and histologic features of NOA.
  • Subcategorization of NOA etiologies based on hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis function.

Main Results:

  • NOA etiologies encompass primary/secondary hypogonadism, androgen synthesis defects, and spermatogenesis/sperm maturation issues.
  • A structured classification of NOA causes is presented.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding NOA's varied causes is crucial for effective patient counseling and treatment.
  • This review offers a framework to improve clinical decision-making for men with NOA and infertility.