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Exploring Differences in Four Types of Online Activities Across Individuals with and without Problematic Smartphone

Mehdi Akbari1, Mohammad Seydavi2, Sonay Sheikhi2

  • 1Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Kharazmi University, No.43. South Mofatteh Ave., Tehran, Iran. M.akbari@khu.ac.ir.

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Problematic smartphone users engage more in social networking, gaming, information acquisition, and short-form video viewing compared to non-problematic users. This pattern is linked to increased psychological distress and sleep issues.

Keywords:
Information acquisition addictionOnline gaming addictionProblematic smartphone useShort-form video addictionSocial networking

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Behavioral Science
  • Digital Media Studies

Background:

  • Previous research often isolates single online activities when studying problematic use.
  • Individuals commonly engage in multiple online activities on smartphones.
  • Understanding combined online activities is crucial for a holistic view of problematic smartphone use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine problematic smartphone use across four distinct online activities: social networking, gaming, information acquisition, and short-form video viewing.
  • To compare problematic smartphone users (PSU) with non-problematic smartphone users (NPSU) regarding their engagement in these activities and psychological factors.
  • To identify correlates of online activities within both PSU and NPSU groups.

Main Methods:

  • A sample of 642 participants was assessed for problematic smartphone use and time spent online.
  • Two groups were formed: Problematic Smartphone User (PSU) group (N=230) and Non-Problematic Smartphone User (NPSU) group (N=87).
  • Regression analyses were used to explore correlates of online activities in both groups.

Main Results:

  • The PSU group showed higher engagement in all four examined online activities compared to the NPSU group.
  • PSU individuals reported greater psychological distress, sleep disturbance, fear of missing out (FoMO), metacognitions about smartphone use (MSU), and desire thinking (DT).
  • PSU individuals reported lower life satisfaction and cognitive reappraisal abilities.

Conclusions:

  • Problematic smartphone use is associated with a pattern of engaging in multiple online activities.
  • Psychological distress, sleep disturbances, and specific cognitive patterns (MSU, DT) are linked to problematic smartphone use.
  • The findings support the metacognitive model of addictive behaviors and highlight challenges in identifying problematic internet-related behaviors.