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Risk Factors for Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome Relapse in Pediatric Age
Luca Pecoraro1, Germana Longo2, Mattia Parolin2
1Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy.
Insights
Children with primitive nephrotic syndrome (NS) have significant relapse rates. Non-Western ethnicity is linked to worse prognosis, while thrombocytosis suggests a better outcome in pediatric NS patients.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Nephrology
- Clinical Research
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Primitive nephrotic syndrome (NS) affects many children, with a high relapse rate.
- Identifying risk factors for NS relapses and prognosis is crucial for effective management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate demographic and onset-related risk factors for primitive NS in children.
- To analyze the association between these risk factors and disease prognosis.
Main Methods:
- Observational, descriptive study of pediatric patients (1-11 years) diagnosed with primitive NS.
- Data collected from January 2002 to March 2023 at the University Hospital of Padua.
Main Results:
- 49 patients were included; 79.5% experienced NS relapses.
- Non-Western ethnicity correlated with worse prognosis and steroid-dependent NS (p=0.041).
- Thrombocytosis at onset was associated with a better prognosis (p=0.03).
Conclusions:
- Non-Western ethnicity is a risk factor for worse prognosis in pediatric primitive NS.
- Thrombocytosis indicates a better prognosis for children with primitive NS.
- These findings can inform follow-up strategies for pediatric primitive NS.
Abstract:
Introduction. Eighty percent of children with primitive nephrotic syndrome (NS) will have at least one relapse in their life. Specific risk factors could be associated with a higher incidence of relapses and a worse prognosis. This study aims to deepen the demographic and onset-related risk factors in children with known diagnosis of primitive NS attending the Pediatric Nephrology Unit of the University Hospital of Padua. Methods. Observational, descriptive study of all children (1-11 years old) with a known diagnosis of Primitive NS who attended our Pediatric Nephrology Unit between 1 January 2002 and 31 March 2023. Results. 49 patients were involved. 79.5% had at least one episode of NS relapse during their lifetime. 69.4% were classified as frequently relapsing or steroid-dependent NS. The relapse risk factor "non-Western ethnicity" was related to a worse prognosis and steroid-dependent NS classification (p = 0.041). The onset-related risk factor "thrombocytosis" appears to be related to a better prognosis (p = 0.03). Conclusion. The relapse risk factors "non-Western ethnicity" and "thrombocytosis" are characterized by worse and better prognosis, respectively. This evidence could support the follow-up of primitive NS in pediatric age.
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