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Intestinal newborn regulatory B cell antibodies modulate microbiota communities.

Qisheng Gu1, Marion Draheim2, Cyril Planchais3

  • 1CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Unit of Immunity and Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Université Paris Cite, Paris, France.

Cell Host & Microbe
|September 7, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Newborn regulatory B cells (nBregs) limit antibody responses and shape the early gut microbiome. These cells produce IL-10, influencing bacterial interactions and energy metabolism for microbiome establishment.

Keywords:
bacterial metabolismgut microbiotaintestinenewbornrecombinant antibodiesregulatory B cell

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • The function of immunoglobulins from IL-10-producing regulatory B cells is not well understood.
  • Regulatory B cells play a critical role in immune system development and homeostasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of a specific newborn regulatory B cell population (nBreg) in early life immunity and microbiome establishment.
  • To characterize the immunoglobulin repertoire and function of nBregs.

Main Methods:

  • Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to identify nBreg signature and distribution in fetal and neonatal tissues.
  • Cloning and characterization of monoclonal antibodies from intestinal nBregs.
  • Analysis of antibody reactivity against early microbiota and their impact on microbial communities.

Main Results:

  • Identified a novel newborn regulatory B cell population (nBreg) that suppresses immunoglobulin M (IgM) production via IL-10.
  • Newborn germline-encoded antibodies from nBregs show reactivity against diverse early gut bacteria.
  • nBreg-derived antibodies modulate microbial community diversity and function, partly through energy metabolism.

Conclusions:

  • nBreg populations are crucial for facilitating early-life microbiome establishment.
  • These findings shed light on the complex, seemingly paradoxical roles of regulatory B cells in early development.