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Association of Previous Cardiac Surgery With Postoperative Pneumonia in Infants Undergoing Abdominal Operations: A

Morgan Zlotolow1, Christian Mpody2, Sergio A Carrillo3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.

Journal of Pediatric Surgery
|September 7, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) undergoing abdominal surgery face higher risks of pneumonia and other complications. Close monitoring for respiratory issues post-surgery is crucial for these vulnerable children.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Cardiology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) often require non-cardiac surgeries.
  • These children face increased postoperative complication risks after cardiac repair.
  • The study investigates the link between prior cardiac intervention and pneumonia in infants undergoing abdominal surgery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the association between previous cardiac intervention and postoperative pneumonia in infants undergoing abdominal surgery.
  • To evaluate the impact of prior cardiac procedures on other adverse surgical outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of 104,820 infants (<12 months) undergoing abdominal surgery (2012-2022).
  • Utilized the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database.
  • Employed 1:1 propensity score matching to compare infants with and without previous cardiac interventions.

Main Results:

  • 9.3% of infants had prior cardiac interventions.
  • Previous cardiac surgery was associated with increased risk of postoperative pneumonia (1.3% vs 0.8%).
  • Higher rates of unplanned reintubation, prolonged mechanical ventilation, and extended hospital stays were observed in infants with prior cardiac surgery.

Conclusions:

  • Previous cardiac intervention increases the risk of postoperative pneumonia following intra-abdominal surgery.
  • These infants are also at higher risk for reintubation, prolonged ventilation, and longer hospital stays.
  • Clinicians must vigilantly monitor infants with a history of cardiac intervention for respiratory complications post-surgery.
Abstract

Keywords:
Congenital heart diseaseHospital length of stayMechanical ventilationPediatric anesthesiologyPediatric cardiac surgeryPostoperative pneumonia

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