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Post-mortem Interval estimate based on dental pulp: A histomorphology approach.

Ilenia Bianchi1, Ana Rodrigues2, Rui Santos3

  • 1Laboratory of Personal Identification and Forensic Morphology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.

The Journal of Forensic Odonto-Stomatology
|September 8, 2024
PubMed
Summary

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Dental pulp histomorphology shows potential for estimating post-mortem intervals (PMI). While early PMI estimation is variable, odontoblasts remain viable up to 14 days, suggesting utility for late PMI determination in forensic science.

Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Dental Pathology
  • Histology

Background:

  • Estimating post-mortem interval (PMI) is crucial in forensic investigations.
  • Histomorphology of dental pulp offers a promising avenue for PMI estimation.
  • Existing evidence is limited and sometimes contradictory, necessitating a scientific model.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize histomorphological changes in dental pulp post-mortem.
  • To establish a correlation between dental pulp changes and PMI.
  • To assess the potential of pulp degradation for late PMI estimation (beyond one week).

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 27 human teeth from 16 patients with simulated post-mortem intervals (PMI) up to 2 weeks.
  • Qualitative and quantitative histological assessment of dental pulp.
Keywords:
Dental pulpHaematoxylin and Eosin stainHigh Resolution MicroscopyHistological changesPost-mortem interval

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  • Microscopic examination of blood vessels, collagen fibers, extracellular matrix, and cell density.

    • Main Results:

    • Dental pulp degeneration begins around 7 hours post-mortem.
    • Significant variability in histological changes limits early PMI generalization.
    • Cell count standardization is challenging due to cellular layering and fragmentation.
    • Odontoblasts show no lysis up to 14 days post-mortem, indicating potential for late PMI estimation.

    Conclusions:

    • Dental pulp histomorphology exhibits high variability in early post-mortem intervals.
    • Odontoblast integrity suggests potential for reliable late PMI estimation.
    • Further research is needed for late PMI determination and optimized tooth preparation techniques.