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Related Concept Videos

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II01:19

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II

Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Classification01:23

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Classification

Modified-release drug delivery systems improve drug efficacy and minimize side effects by controlling the rate and location of drug release. These systems fall into three categories: rate-programmed, stimuli-activated, and site-targeted.Rate-programmed systems release drugs at a predetermined rate, maintaining consistent therapeutic levels and reducing fluctuations that could lead to toxicity or subtherapeutic effects. These systems use polymeric matrices, reservoir-based designs, or osmotic...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I01:22

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I

Rate-programmed drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed to release drugs at specific, controlled rates to maintain consistent therapeutic levels. These systems are categorized based on their release mechanisms, including dissolution-controlled DDS, diffusion-controlled DDS, and combined dissolution-diffusion-controlled DDS.In dissolution-controlled DDS, the release rate depends on the slow dissolution of the drug itself or the surrounding matrix. Drugs with inherently slow dissolution rates,...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated01:30

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated

Stimuli-activated drug delivery systems are designed to release drugs in response to specific physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These systems often utilize hydrogels—three-dimensional, hydrophilic polymer networks capable of swelling in aqueous environments and retaining significant fluid volumes. Upon exposure to particular stimuli, these hydrogels undergo structural transitions that allow the embedded drug to be released. Due to this adaptive behavior, such systems are also called...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted01:24

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted

Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.
Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers01:24

Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers

Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...

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Alternating Magnetic Field-Responsive Hybrid Gelatin Microgels for Controlled Drug Release
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Aptamer-controlled stimuli-responsive drug release.

Xingxing Peng1, Yanfei Liu2, Feicheng Peng3

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutics, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, PR China.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
|September 8, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aptamers offer programmable control for stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems. This review details aptamer mechanisms, assembly strategies, and applications in targeted drug release, addressing challenges and future directions.

Keywords:
ApplicationsAptamer-controlled drug releaseAssembly/reconfiguration mechanismsStimuli-responsive drug release

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanomedicine
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • Aptamers are increasingly utilized in nanomedicine for their unique programmable, activatable, and switchable characteristics.
  • Stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems offer targeted and controlled therapeutic release.
  • A comprehensive review on aptamer-controlled stimuli-responsive drug delivery is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the mechanisms and advantages of using aptamers in constructing stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems.
  • To summarize aptamer assembly/reconfiguration mechanisms and drug release strategies.
  • To elaborate on applications, challenges, and future directions of aptamer-based stimuli-responsive drug release.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on aptamer-based drug delivery.
  • Analysis of aptamer binding mechanisms influenced by various stimuli (e.g., pH, light, temperature, strand displacement).
  • Illustration of assembly and drug release strategies in aptamer-mediated systems.

Main Results:

  • Aptamers can be effectively assembled and reconfigured to control drug release in response to specific stimuli.
  • Stimuli-responsive binding mechanisms of aptamers to targets and their modulation by environmental factors are elucidated.
  • Various applications of aptamer-based systems for targeted and controlled drug release are presented.

Conclusions:

  • Aptamers are versatile tools for developing advanced stimuli-responsive drug delivery platforms.
  • Understanding aptamer-stimuli interactions is crucial for optimizing drug release profiles.
  • Further research is needed to overcome current challenges and fully realize the potential of aptamer-based nanomedicine.