The structural basis for the collagen processing by human P3H1/CRTAP/PPIB ternary complex

Collagen posttranslational processing is crucial for its proper assembly and function. Disruption of collagen processing leads to tissue development and structure disorders like osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). OI-related collagen processing machinery includes prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1 (P3H1), peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase B (PPIB), and cartilage-associated protein (CRTAP), with their structural organization and mechanism unclear. We determine cryo-EM structures of the P3H1/CRTAP/PPIB complex. The active sites of P3H1 and PPIB form a face-to-face bifunctional reaction center, indicating a coupled modification mechanism. The structure of the P3H1/CRTAP/PPIB/collagen peptide complex reveals multiple binding sites, suggesting a substrate interacting zone. Unexpectedly, a dual-ternary complex is observed, and the balance between ternary and dual-ternary states can be altered by mutations in the P3H1/PPIB active site and the addition of PPIB inhibitors. These findings provide insights into the structural basis of collagen processing by P3H1/CRTAP/PPIB and the molecular pathology of collagen-related disorders.