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Telomere length as a biomarker in multiple sclerosis.

Maria Agustina Piedrabuena1, Jorge Correale1,2,3, Mauricio Franco Farez4

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Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) shortens with age and is linked to disability in older adults with multiple sclerosis (MS). Shorter LTL in younger MS patients did not correlate with disease severity, suggesting other factors are involved.

Keywords:
Multiple sclerosisagingtelomere length

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Aging research
  • Biomarkers in multiple sclerosis

Background:

  • Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is a biomarker of aging and has been implicated in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis.
  • Understanding the relationship between LTL and MS progression is crucial for developing targeted therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between LTL and clinical/radiological parameters in young and elderly individuals with MS.
  • To test the hypothesis that young people with MS and short LTL exhibit disease characteristics similar to older MS patients.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective 2-year study involving two cohorts of young (18-35 years) and elderly (≥50 years) people with MS (pwMS).
  • Evaluations included physical and cognitive assessments, 3T brain MRI, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) measurements, and LTL quantification via qPCR.
  • Disease duration, smoking status, disability (EDSS), neurological function (9HPT), and treatment efficacy were recorded.

Main Results:

  • LTL was shorter in elderly pwMS compared to young pwMS and in males versus females.
  • In elderly pwMS, shorter LTL correlated with longer disease duration, smoking, higher EDSS scores, poorer performance on the 9HPT, use of high-efficacy therapies, and increased brain lesion volume (BLV).
  • In young pwMS, LTL did not correlate with clinical or radiological variables. Shorter LTL was associated with reduced gray and white matter volume.

Conclusions:

  • LTL is associated with disability and brain lesion burden in elderly individuals with MS.
  • While LTL shortening is a factor in aging pwMS, other neurodegenerative mechanisms likely contribute to disease progression in this population.