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Related Concept Videos

Electrocardiogram01:29

Electrocardiogram

2.2K
An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a critical diagnostic tool that records the electrical signals produced by the heart during each heartbeat. This recording is achieved through electrodes placed strategically on the arms, legs, and chest. The electrocardiograph amplifies these signals and produces 12 distinct tracings, offering a comprehensive understanding of the heart's electrical activity.
Three major waveforms are present in a typical ECG recording: the P wave, the QRS complex, and...
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Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle01:25

Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle

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The electrical signals recorded on an electrocardiogram (ECG) occur before the mechanical processes of contraction and relaxation during the cardiac cycle.
A cardiac action potential originates in the SA node and spreads throughout the atria and the AV node in approximately 0.03 seconds. This results in the P wave in an ECG and triggers atrial contraction. The action potential is then briefly slowed at the AV node, allowing the atria to contract and fill the ventricles with blood before...
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Electrocardiogram Fundamentals01:28

Electrocardiogram Fundamentals

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Introduction
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic tool for identifying cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and myocardial ischemia.
Definition
An electrocardiogram (ECG) visualizes the heart's electrical activity by tracing the electrical movement associated with each heartbeat on a graph or monitor. As the heart beats, an electrical wave passes through it, correlating with the cardiac cycle events.
Parts of an ECG
An ECG utilizes electrodes on the skin...
543
ECG Interpretation of Rhythms01:24

ECG Interpretation of Rhythms

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An electrocardiogram (ECG)graphically represents the heart's electrical activity on ECG paper or a monitor.
Components of the Electrocardiogram
The primary components of a normal ECG waveform in Normal sinus rhythm(NSR) include the P wave, PR interval, QRS complex, ST segment, T wave, and occasionally a U wave.
ECG waveforms are divided by vertical and horizontal lines at standard intervals.
The horizontal axis measures time and rate, and the vertical axis measures amplitude or voltage....
573
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System I:Echocardiography01:17

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System I:Echocardiography

299
Cardiac imaging studies encompass a wide range of noninvasive and minimally invasive techniques designed to visualize the heart's structure and function in detail. One such technique is echocardiography, which uses high-frequency ultrasound waves to produce detailed images of the heart, known as echocardiograms.
Indications: Echocardiography is utilized to diagnose heart failure, valve disorders, and myocardial infarction. It also assesses cardiac structures' size, shape, and motion,...
299
Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:28

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

918
Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow...
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Confirmation of Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury in Mice Using Surface Pad Electrocardiography
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Correlation of head injury with ECG and echo changes.

Pavan Kumar Ediga1, Mudumba Vijaya Saradhi1, Rajesh Alugolu2

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, NIMS, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Surgical Neurology International
|September 9, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities, specifically repolarization changes, can indicate cardiac dysfunction in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. This inexpensive ECG screening may help identify TBI patients needing further cardiac evaluation.

Keywords:
Cardiac functionEchocardiographyElectrocardiographyTraumatic brain injury

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Neurology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG) findings are observed in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI).
  • ECG is a potentially inexpensive tool for identifying TBI patients at risk of cardiac dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine abnormal ECG findings in isolated TBI patients.
  • To associate ECG abnormalities with true cardiac dysfunction determined by echocardiography.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective observational study of 100 adult patients with isolated, non-operated TBI (2020-2021).
  • Exclusion criteria included age extremes (<18, >65), extracranial injuries, pre-existing cardiac disease, prior cardiothoracic surgery, inotropic use, hemorrhage, and brain death.
  • Patients underwent ECG and echocardiographic evaluation.

Main Results:

  • ECG abnormalities were noted in 53% of mild TBI cases (heart rate 60-100/min).
  • Prolonged PR interval occurred in 8-16% and prolonged QRS in 5-15% of mild to severe TBI cases.
  • Prolonged QTc interval was observed in 3-15% of TBI cases, increasing with severity.

Conclusions:

  • Repolarization abnormalities on ECG correlate with cardiac dysfunction in isolated TBI.
  • Ischemic-like ECG changes were not associated with cardiac dysfunction.
  • A 12-lead ECG can serve as a cost-effective screening tool for cardiac dysfunction in TBI patients.