Anesthesia Management in Antenatal Care for Women With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Comprehensive Review

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) presents significant challenges in the management of pregnant women due to its impact on renal function and cardiovascular stability. This review examines the crucial role of anesthesia management in antenatal care for women with CKD, focusing on the complexities introduced by renal dysfunction and the implications for maternal and fetal health outcomes. The review discusses the physiological changes in CKD during pregnancy, highlighting the increased risks of hypertension, proteinuria, and adverse fetal outcomes. Anesthesia considerations, including the choice of anesthesia techniques (general anesthesia, regional anesthesia), perioperative monitoring, and management of fluid and electrolyte balance, are analyzed in the context of CKD-specific challenges. Clinical outcomes and current evidence regarding anesthesia efficacy and safety in CKD patients are reviewed, emphasizing the need for tailored anesthesia protocols to ensure optimal maternal comfort and fetal safety. The review concludes by identifying research gaps and proposing future directions to enhance anesthesia practices and improve outcomes for pregnant women with CKD undergoing surgical interventions or labor management.