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Pulmonary Injury as a Complication of Urinary Tract Infection in Pregnancy
Wael Hafez1,2, Jalal Al Shareef2, Afraa Alyoussef3
1Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, The National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo Governorate, Egypt.
International Journal of MCH and AIDS
|September 9, 2024
Summary
Pulmonary complications from urinary tract infections (UTIs) during pregnancy are rare but serious. Early detection and treatment are vital for maternal and fetal health, as pregnancy may increase risks.
Area of Science:
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Pulmonology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Pulmonary injuries secondary to urinary tract infections (UTIs) in pregnancy are uncommon.
- Prompt identification of pulmonary complications in pregnant individuals with UTIs is critical to mitigate adverse maternal and fetal outcomes.
- Potential complications include respiratory distress, pulmonary edema, and the exacerbation of pre-existing conditions like asthma.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate and report cases of pulmonary injury following urinary tract infections (UTIs) in pregnant individuals.
- To synthesize existing literature on the association between UTIs and pulmonary complications during pregnancy.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective review of reported cases and literature was conducted.
- Searches were performed in the PubMed database up to September 2023 using a specific strategy for pulmonary injury after UTIs in pregnancy.
- Fifteen articles were initially assessed, with seven ultimately selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Main Results:
- Approximately 1-2% of women with persistent UTIs may develop acute pyelonephritis, linked to an increased risk of pulmonary edema in some instances.
- UTIs can impair pulmonary health through uremia, affecting respiratory drive, mechanics, muscle function, and gas exchange.
- Inflammation from UTIs can lead to neutrophil recruitment in the lungs, compromising lung function and causing tissue damage.
Conclusions:
- A potential link exists between UTIs and pulmonary damage, though systematic research is limited and the role of pregnancy in exacerbating this association is unclear.
- Increased physician and specialist awareness regarding pulmonary injury post-UTI in pregnancy is essential for public health.
- While UTIs may not directly cause pulmonary issues, pregnancy-related physiological changes can heighten the risk, necessitating vigilant care, observation, and early intervention for optimal outcomes.
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