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Skin Cancer01:30

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
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A hair follicle or HF is a small part of the skin that produces the hair shaft. Paul Gerson Unna was the first to observe a bulge in the human hair follicle's outer root sheath (ORS). The bulge is present between the sebaceous gland and the arrector pili muscle and is the niche for hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). The bulge is also a niche for melanocyte stem cells, and their loss results in graying of hair. The HFSCs express Sox9 and Lhx2, which help them maintain stemness and prevent...
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Phases of Wound Repair01:28

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Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2025

Isolation, Culture, and Characterization of Primary Dermal Fibroblasts from Human Keloid Tissue
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Update on the Pathogenesis of Keloid Formation.

David I Latoni1,2, Danica C McDaniel1,2, Hensin Tsao1

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

JID Innovations : Skin Science From Molecules to Population Health
|September 9, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Keloids are abnormal scars affecting many people, but their exact cause remains unclear. This review explores genetic, epigenetic, and cellular factors to understand keloid development and guide future treatments.

Keywords:
KeloidPathophysiologyScar tissue

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Pathophysiology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Keloids are prevalent abnormal skin growths with incompletely understood pathophysiology.
  • Current understanding of keloid development requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize current literature on the pathophysiological mechanisms of keloid formation.
  • To identify knowledge gaps and propose future research directions for keloid pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of pathophysiological mechanisms of keloids.
  • Top-down approach examining host factors (genetics, endocrine) and granular factors (epigenetics, immune response, cell signaling).

Main Results:

  • Exploration of host factors including genetic predisposition variants and endocrine influences.
  • Detailed examination of epigenetic and transcriptomic factors, immune dysregulation, and signaling pathways involved in fibrosis and angiogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Significant knowledge gaps persist in understanding keloid pathogenesis.
  • Further research into genetic, epigenetic, and cellular mechanisms is warranted.
  • Enhanced understanding may lead to novel therapeutic strategies for keloid treatment.