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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to the Human Microbiota01:22

Introduction to the Human Microbiota

Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity, and disease...
Development of Human Microbiota01:30

Development of Human Microbiota

The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from the skin...
Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract01:29

Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract

The human respiratory tract, comprising the upper and lower segments, serves as a critical interface with the external environment. The upper respiratory tract (URT)—including the nostrils, sinuses, pharynx, and oropharynx—is heavily colonized by microbes, while the lower respiratory tract (LRT), composed of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs, was long thought to be sterile. However, recent molecular studies have revealed that the lungs are not devoid of microbes but act more like...
Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiota01:18

Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiota

The human gut microbiome includes a diverse array of microbial species, including beneficial commensals and opportunistic pathogens, which interact to support host health. These microbes contribute to essential functions such as nutrient metabolism, immune system modulation, and maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity. However, disruptions to this equilibrium—referred to as dysbiosis—can have widespread physiological consequences.Dysbiosis is often characterized by reduced microbial...
Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics01:21

Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics

Antibiotics have revolutionized modern medicine by saving countless lives from bacterial infections. However, their widespread use has inadvertently harmed the delicate balance of the human gut microbiota. The gut microbiota, a complex community of bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi, plays a vital role in regulating metabolism, immune responses, and maintaining intestinal health. Antibiotics, especially broad-spectrum types, disrupt this ecosystem by eradicating both harmful and beneficial...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
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Causal Relationship Between Gut Microbiota and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Bidirectional Two-Sample

Wen-Jia Li1, Chen Yao2, Lu Han1

  • 1Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen City, People's Republic of China.

International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
|September 9, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals 11 gut bacteria species causally linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Certain bacteria protect against COPD, while others, like Holdemanella and Marvinbryantia, increase risk, offering targets for new therapies.

Keywords:
COPDassociationbidirectional MRcausalgut microbiota

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiome research
  • Pulmonary medicine
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Gut microbiota's role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is increasingly studied.
  • The causal relationship between gut microbiota and COPD remains unclear.
  • This research investigates whether gut microbiota influences COPD development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the causal relationship between gut microbiota and COPD.
  • To identify specific gut bacteria associated with COPD risk or protection.
  • To provide insights for clinical diagnosis and treatment of COPD.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis on genome-wide association study (GWAS) data.
  • Employed MR-Egger regression, inverse variance-weighted (IVW), and weighted median methods.
  • Conducted heterogeneity and sensitivity analyses to ensure result reliability.

Main Results:

  • Identified 11 gut microbiota species associated with COPD.
  • Bacteroidia, Collinsella, and others showed protective effects against COPD.
  • Holdemanella and Marvinbryantia were identified as risk factors, increasing COPD risk by 1.14 and 1.15-fold, respectively.
  • Reverse MR analysis found no causal link from COPD to gut microbiota.

Conclusions:

  • Established a causal link between 11 gut microbiota species and COPD.
  • Findings offer potential targets for novel COPD therapies.
  • Further clinical studies are needed to confirm mechanisms and therapeutic potential.