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Updated: Jul 10, 2026
A Multi-detection Assay for Malaria Transmitting Mosquitoes
Published on: February 28, 2015
Molecular characterization, expression and in-silico analysis of fibrinogen-related protein 1 (frep1) in malaria
Mahima Yadav1, Nisha Dahiya1, Vartika Srivastava2
1Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India.
Background:
Fibrinogen-related protein 1 (frep1) is a member of the pattern-recognizing receptor family (PRR) which generates an innate immune response after recognizing the pattern associated molecular pattern (PAMP) that occurs on the surface of microorganisms. The main objective of this study is to characterize frep1 and its in-silico analysis in Anopheles stephensi.
Methods And Result:
The DNA was extracted from female Anopheles stephensi. PCR was performed for complete analysis of frep1 using specific primers. The gene sequence of frep1 was identified by Sanger sequencing. The bioinformatics structure analysis approach revealed the presence of 3 exons and 4 introns in the frep1. The sequence of frep1 was submitted to NCBI GeneBank with accession number ON817187.1. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to analyze frep1 expression. At the developmental stage, frep1 is highly expressed in the L1 stage, egg, and adult female mosquito. In addition, frep1 is highly expressed in the tissue fat body, midgut, and salivary gland. After blood-fed, an upregulation of frep1 at 48 h in the midgut, and downregulation in fat body were observed at different time intervals.
Conclusion:
The genomic data of frep1 is encoded by 12,443 bp. The frep1 has a significant role in the early metamorphosis. Its expression in fat body and midgut suggests it could be important for fat metabolism and post-blood digestion. The conserved domain could be targeted for vector control. Further study is required to elucidate its function against malaria parasites to confirm its agonist role in malaria transmission.
Insights
Fibrinogen-related protein 1 (frep1) in Anopheles stephensi plays a role in early metamorphosis and immune response. Its expression patterns suggest involvement in fat metabolism and digestion, offering potential targets for vector control.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Immunology
- Genomics
Background:
- Fibrinogen-related protein 1 (frep1) is a pattern-recognizing receptor (PRR) involved in innate immunity.
- frep1 recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) on microorganisms, initiating immune responses.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize frep1 in Anopheles stephensi.
- To perform in-silico analysis of frep1 in Anopheles stephensi.
Main Methods:
- DNA extraction from female Anopheles stephensi.
- Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Sanger sequencing for frep1 gene analysis.
- Bioinformatics analysis for structural elucidation.
- Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) for gene expression profiling.
Main Results:
- The frep1 gene sequence was identified and submitted to NCBI GenBank (accession ON817187.1).
- Bioinformatics analysis revealed frep1 comprises 3 exons and 4 introns, with a total genomic size of 12,443 bp.
- frep1 exhibited high expression in L1 larvae, eggs, and adult female mosquitoes, particularly in the fat body, midgut, and salivary glands.
- Post-blood feeding, frep1 showed upregulation in the midgut at 48 hours and downregulation in the fat body.
Conclusions:
- frep1 is crucial for early metamorphosis in Anopheles stephensi.
- Expression patterns suggest frep1's involvement in fat metabolism and post-blood meal digestion.
- The conserved domain of frep1 presents a potential target for Anopheles stephensi vector control strategies.
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