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Updated: Jun 13, 2025
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Calculating Heart Rate Variability from ECG Data from Youth with Cerebral Palsy During Active Video Game Sessions
Published on: June 5, 2019
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Comprehensive linear and nonlinear heart rate variability normative data in children
Bahram Kakavand1, Takeshi Tsuda2, Aliya Centner3
1Division of Cardiology, Nemours Children's Health, 6535 Nemours Parkway, Orlando, FL, 32832, USA. bk0006@nemours.org.
Summary
This study establishes normative heart rate variability (HRV) data for children, revealing age-related trends and complex patterns. Comprehensive analysis using multiple HRV indices is crucial for understanding autonomic nervous system function in developing bodies.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Cardiology
- Autonomic Nervous System Physiology
- Biomedical Signal Processing
Background:
- The autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulates involuntary functions like heart rate.
- Heart rate variability (HRV) assesses autonomic function noninvasively.
- Limited normative HRV data exists for pediatric populations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To establish comprehensive normative data for HRV in children.
- To analyze age-related changes in HRV parameters across different pediatric age groups.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 24-h Holter monitors from 247 children (1 day to 18 years).
- Inclusion of data from six distinct pediatric age groups.
- Application of time-domain, frequency-domain, and nonlinear HRV analyses.
Main Results:
- Observed age-related uptrends in most time- and frequency-domain HRV variables.
- Contradictory findings in entropy analyses (Sample/Approximate vs. Shannon entropy).
- Decreasing fractal detrended fluctuation analysis suggests diminishing HRV self-similarity with age.
Conclusions:
- Heart rate and HRV regulation in children is complex and requires multifaceted assessment.
- No single HRV parameter fully captures autonomic function in developing individuals.
- Combined use of time-domain, frequency-domain, and nonlinear HRV indices is recommended for pediatric populations.
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