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Emerging roles of the renin-angiotensin system in select oral diseases

Yixing Liu1, Zhe Liu1,2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.

Oral Diseases
|September 9, 2024
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) impacts oral health, influencing oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), periodontitis, and taste disorders. Imbalances in RAS signaling can worsen these oral conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Oral Biology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is crucial for cardiovascular and renal regulation.
  • RAS components are present in oral tissues, but their role in oral diseases is not well understood.
  • This review focuses on the RAS's impact on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), periodontitis, oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), and taste alterations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current literature on the role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in specific oral diseases.
  • To synthesize the known effects of RAS components and their signaling pathways in OSCC, periodontitis, OSF, and ageusia/dysgeusia.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases up to July 2024.
  • A narrative review approach was employed to synthesize and summarize the findings from the selected studies.

Main Results:

  • In OSCC, the ACE/Ang II/AT1R axis promotes cancer, while ACE/Ang II/AT2R and ACE2/Ang (1-7)/MasR pathways inhibit it.
  • For periodontitis, ACE/Ang II/AT1R exacerbates inflammation and bone loss, whereas ACE2/Ang (1-7)/MasR offers protection.
  • Angiotensin (1-7) [Ang (1-7)] counteracts Ang II's effects in OSF and modulates taste perception in ageusia/dysgeusia.

Conclusions:

  • The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) cascade significantly influences the pathogenesis of OSCC, periodontitis, OSF, and taste disorders.
  • Dysregulation of the RAS pathway can exacerbate the progression and severity of these oral diseases.
Keywords:
ageusiaoral squamous cell carcinomaoral submucous fibrosisperiodontitisrenin‐angiotensin system

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