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Related Concept Videos

Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

1.6K
The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...
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Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

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The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
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Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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Muscles that Move the Leg01:23

Muscles that Move the Leg

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The movement of the legs is facilitated by numerous muscles located within the anterior, medial, and posterior compartments of the thigh.
Anterior Compartment
The quadriceps femoris, the most visible muscle of the anterior compartment, is integral for leg extension and thigh flexion. It is formed by merging four distinct muscles — the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and rectus femoris. The quadriceps tendon, a shared tendon of the four quadriceps muscles, is affixed...
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Tissue Collection and RNA Extraction from the Human Osteoarthritic Knee Joint
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Knee Osteoarthritis.

Allan C Gelber1

  • 1Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (A.C.G.).

Annals of Internal Medicine
|September 9, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) causes joint pain and stiffness, with overweight being a key risk factor. While treatments help manage symptoms, surgery is reserved for cases unresponsive to conservative pain management.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Rheumatology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by pain, stiffness, and functional decline.
  • Obesity and overweight are identified as significant modifiable risk factors contributing to knee OA development and progression.
  • Current treatments offer symptomatic relief but do not halt the underlying pathological joint changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the clinical presentation, risk factors, and management principles of knee osteoarthritis.
  • To outline the role of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions in managing knee OA symptoms.
  • To define the criteria for surgical intervention in advanced knee OA cases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on knee osteoarthritis.
  • Analysis of clinical presentation and diagnostic features.
  • Evaluation of current therapeutic strategies, including conservative and surgical options.

Main Results:

  • Knee OA presents with activity-exacerbated pain and brief morning stiffness, without constitutional symptoms.
  • Weight management is crucial for mitigating OA risk and progression.
  • Pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments improve pain and function but do not reverse disease pathology.

Conclusions:

  • Conservative management is the cornerstone of knee OA treatment.
  • Surgical intervention is indicated for pain and functional impairment refractory to non-surgical approaches.
  • Addressing modifiable risk factors like obesity is essential for long-term knee OA management.